Alteraciones cognitivas derivadas del tratamiento del tumor cerebral en la infancia: una revisión sistemática
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2022-04-06
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[ES] El tumor cerebral es el segundo tipo de tumor más frecuente en la infancia. La intervención
más habitual se basa en una combinación de quimioterapia, radioterapia y/o cirugía de resección. El
objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es conocer las secuelas cognitivas que los diferentes métodos de
tratamiento del tumor cerebral tienen en la población pediátrica. Los resultados demuestran que el
tratamiento de los tumores, a parte de otros factores (localización del tumor, tipo de cáncer, edad del
paciente, estadio de desarrollo), tienen un impacto negativo en diversas funciones cognitivas,
específicamente, inteligencia, memoria operativa, velocidad de procesamiento y habilidades
académicas. Asimismo, los estudios argumentan una relación negativa entre la dosis de tratamiento
recibido y la gravedad o persistencia de las alteraciones cognitivas experimentadas. Sin embargo, más
investigación es necesaria en este campo para comprender qué déficits produce cada tratamiento, y
elaborar programas de rehabilitación cognitiva dirigidos a paliar dichas secuelas.
[EN] Brain tumors are the second most common type of tumor in childhood. The most frequent treatment consists of a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or resection surgery. The goal of this systematic review is to gain knowledge about the cognitive sequelae that the different treatments have on the pediatric population. Results have demonstrated that treatment, besides other factors (such as tumor localization, type of cancer, age of the patient, stage of development) has a negative impact on a series of cognitive functions, particularly in intelligence, working memory, speed processing and academic skills. Furthermore, the studies argue a dose-dependent effect, so that higher doses of treatment produce more severe and longer-lasting cognitive deficits. However, more investigation is necessary in this subject in order to comprehend which deficiencies are caused by each treatment, and be able to develop rehabilitation programs. The aim of these programs should be to palliate the neuropsychological sequelae.
[EN] Brain tumors are the second most common type of tumor in childhood. The most frequent treatment consists of a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and/or resection surgery. The goal of this systematic review is to gain knowledge about the cognitive sequelae that the different treatments have on the pediatric population. Results have demonstrated that treatment, besides other factors (such as tumor localization, type of cancer, age of the patient, stage of development) has a negative impact on a series of cognitive functions, particularly in intelligence, working memory, speed processing and academic skills. Furthermore, the studies argue a dose-dependent effect, so that higher doses of treatment produce more severe and longer-lasting cognitive deficits. However, more investigation is necessary in this subject in order to comprehend which deficiencies are caused by each treatment, and be able to develop rehabilitation programs. The aim of these programs should be to palliate the neuropsychological sequelae.