LA TENENCIA ILÍCITA DE ARMAS DE FUEGO EN EL CÓDIGO PENAL ESPAÑOL
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2016-05-20
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La tenencia ilícita de armas ha sido siempre un problema para los Estados modernos. El S.XX ha vivido dos Grandes Guerras, y los conflictos posteriores hasta mediados de los años 90 han facilitado que exista en suelo europeo todo un abanico de armas que actualmente, en gran parte, permanecen en manos de delincuentes. La presencia de estas armas en nuestra sociedad, más aquellas que son sustraídas a particulares o importadas desde fuera de nuestras fronteras conforman en gran medida el “arsenal ilícito” que paulatinamente engrosa las listas de incautaciones del Cuerpo Nacional de Policía y la Guardia Civil. Pero aún queda mucho por hacer. La normativa penal española castiga estos delitos con penas que pueden llegar hasta tres años de cárcel para las conductas ilícitas más leves, pudiendo incrementarse notablemente en caso de darse la presencia de armas de guerra o armas NBQ (Nucleares, Bacteriológicas y Químicas). El bien jurídico protegido “seguridad colectiva” queda ampliamente protegido por la normativa penal actual (razón por la cual estos artículos no han sido modificados en la última revisión del Código Penal); para casos en los que la conducta del sujeto es menos grave o no llega a constituir delito se despliega también una serie de sanciones administrativas. El presente trabajo aborda la normativa, los supuestos que pueden producirse y su reflejo en la jurisprudencia española, así como un análisis de los tipos delictivos y la problemática que existe frente a algunos de ellos en casos particulares.
[EN] The illegal possession of weapons has always been a problem for modern States. The Twentieth Century has existed between two World Wars and subsequent conflicts until the mid-90s have provided in Europe a range of weapons that currently, largely, remains in the hands of criminals. The presence of these weapons in our society, plus those that are stolen from private individuals and police forces or imported from outside our borders make largely "illicit arsenal" that gradually thickens lists seizures of the National Police and Civil Guard. But there's still a lot to do about that. Spanish Criminal Law punishes such offenses with penalties of up to three years in jail for milder illicit behavior and can increase significantly if given the presence of weapons of war or NBC weapons. The legally protected "collective security" is amply protected by the current criminal law (these items have not been changed in the latest revision of the Criminal Code); for the cases in which the subject's behavior is less severe or not constituting crime also it displays a number of administrative sanctions. This work aims at the rules, assumptions that may occur and their reflection in the Spanish Jurisprudence as well as an analysis of offenses and the problems that exist against some of them, in particular cases.
[EN] The illegal possession of weapons has always been a problem for modern States. The Twentieth Century has existed between two World Wars and subsequent conflicts until the mid-90s have provided in Europe a range of weapons that currently, largely, remains in the hands of criminals. The presence of these weapons in our society, plus those that are stolen from private individuals and police forces or imported from outside our borders make largely "illicit arsenal" that gradually thickens lists seizures of the National Police and Civil Guard. But there's still a lot to do about that. Spanish Criminal Law punishes such offenses with penalties of up to three years in jail for milder illicit behavior and can increase significantly if given the presence of weapons of war or NBC weapons. The legally protected "collective security" is amply protected by the current criminal law (these items have not been changed in the latest revision of the Criminal Code); for the cases in which the subject's behavior is less severe or not constituting crime also it displays a number of administrative sanctions. This work aims at the rules, assumptions that may occur and their reflection in the Spanish Jurisprudence as well as an analysis of offenses and the problems that exist against some of them, in particular cases.