Técnicas de intervención en abuso sexual infantil: estrategias cognitivo-conductuales, aceptación y mindfulness
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2014-06-27
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]En el presente trabajo se expone la conceptualización del término de abuso sexual infantil, así como la gravedad de las consecuencias psicológicas derivadas de tal experiencia. Concretamente, nos centramos en uno de los síntomas cuya presencia es muy frecuente en los casos de abuso sexual, el Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático (TEPT). Para abordar tal problemática, se han propuesto dos tipos de intervenciones, cuyos objetivos y estrategias terapéuticas difieren en gran medida. En primer lugar, se describe una aproximación tradicional Cognitivo-Conductual. Desde esta perspectiva, las actuaciones con víctimas de abuso irán dirigidas a romper las asociaciones establecidas entre estímulos, así como a identificar y modificar las cogniciones, acerca de aspectos relacionados con el trauma, que resulten desadaptativas e irracionales a fin de que la persona pueda seguir adelante con su vida. En segundo lugar, se describe la actuación desde una intervención, relativamente novedosa, basada en la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) y Mindfulness, cuyo objetivo, contrariamente a la idea propuesta desde la terapia cognitivo-conductual de modificar el contenido de los eventos privados, es que la persona víctima de abuso perciba y acepte, desde la conciencia plena, dichos pensamientos y sentimientos tal y como son, actuando en dirección o de acuerdo a sus valores personales aún en presencia de dichos eventos privados.
[EN]n this paper the definition of the term child sexual abuse is exposed, and the severity of the psychological consequences of such an experience. Specifically, we focus on one of the symptoms whose presence is very common in cases of sexual abuse, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). To address this problem, we have proposed two types of interventions, whose the objectives and therapeutic strategies differ greatly. First, a traditional approach Cognitive Behavioral is described. From this perspective, the performances will go to victims of abuse aimed at breaking the partnerships established between stimuli and to identify and change cognitions about issues related to trauma, resulting maladaptive and irrational so that the person can continue on with your life. Second, the action is described from a relatively novel intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness aimed contrary to the idea proposed from cognitive behavioral therapy to modify the content of events private, is that the abused person receives and accepts from full consciousness, these thoughts and feelings as they are acting in either direction according to your personal values even in the presence of these private events.
[EN]n this paper the definition of the term child sexual abuse is exposed, and the severity of the psychological consequences of such an experience. Specifically, we focus on one of the symptoms whose presence is very common in cases of sexual abuse, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). To address this problem, we have proposed two types of interventions, whose the objectives and therapeutic strategies differ greatly. First, a traditional approach Cognitive Behavioral is described. From this perspective, the performances will go to victims of abuse aimed at breaking the partnerships established between stimuli and to identify and change cognitions about issues related to trauma, resulting maladaptive and irrational so that the person can continue on with your life. Second, the action is described from a relatively novel intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness aimed contrary to the idea proposed from cognitive behavioral therapy to modify the content of events private, is that the abused person receives and accepts from full consciousness, these thoughts and feelings as they are acting in either direction according to your personal values even in the presence of these private events.