Estudio de la actividad antifúngica de algunos aceites esenciales
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2016-10-28
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]algunos aceites esenciales contra hongos patógenos de plantas y frutos.
Se han utilizado distintas concentraciones de aceites esenciales (0, 100, 250, 500, 1000 y 2000 μl/l) obtenidos de la parte aérea de Cistus ladanifer, Bupleurum gibraltarium y de las agallas de Pistacia terebinthus. Para ello se ha realizado una dispersión del aceite esencial en un medio de cultivo PGA (patata-glucosa-agar) previamente autoclavado y, una vez añadida la esencia, se ha vertido sobre placas de Petri estériles.
Para el aceite esencial de C.ladanifer se ha obtenido una CMI de 100 μl/l en V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l en R. stolonifer y 100 μl/l en F. oxysporum; una DL50 de 1250 μl/l para R. stolonifer y 1600 μl/l para V. dahliae; el porcentaje de inhibición para los siguientes hongos a 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l de concentración de aceite esencial: R. stolonifer (75,79 y 94,05%), Verticillium dahliae (51,47 y 100%) y F.oxysporum (37,1 y 45,16%).
Para el aceite esencial de B.gibraltarum, se ha obtenido una CMI de 100 μl/l en V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l en Cladosporium y 100 μl/l en F. oxysporum; una DL50 de 1550 μl/l para S.sclerotiorum, 1450 μl/l para F. oxysporum y 1050 μl/l para V. dahliae; una capacidad antifúngica para los siguientes hongos a 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l de concentración de aceite esencial: Sclerotinia sclerotiorium (83,89 y 88,63%), Cladosporium (46,12%), Fusarium oxysporum (52,84 y 64,77%), Verticillium dahliae (100% en ambos casos).
Para el aceite esencial de P.terebinthus, se ha obtenido una CMI de 100 μl/l en V.dahliae y 100 μl/l en F. oxysporum; una DL50 de 450 μl/l para F. oxysporum y 80 μl/l para V. dahliae; una capacidad antifúngica para los siguientes hongos a 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l de concentración de aceite esencial: F. oxysporum (62,37 y 63,92%), V. dahliae (27% a 2000 μl/l), R. stolonifer ( 27 y 42,9%).
[EN]In this experimental work, we have approached to study of inhibitory activity of several essential oils against five phytopathogenic fungi. It have been used increasing concentrations of the tested essentials oils (0, 100, 250, 500 1000 and 2000 μl/l) belonging from different parts of species Cistus ladanifer, Bupleurum gibraltarium and Pistacia terebinthus. These oils have been immersed in PGA medium (potato-glucose-agar) and later have been distributed in Petri dishes at a dose of 20 ml/dish Petri. Phytopatogenic fungi have been inoculated in the center of petri dishes and growing at 25ºC during 10 days. For each essential oil tested, it have been measured parameters as Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC); Lethal dosis 50 (DL50) and percentage of inhibition growth in each fungi. For the first essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l about R. stolonifer y 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 1250 μl/l for R. stolonifer and 1600 μl/l for V. dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: R. stolonifer (75,79 y 94,05%), Verticillium dahliae (51,47 y 100%) y F.oxysporum (37,1 y 45,16%). For B.gibraltaricum essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l about Cladosporium y 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 1550 μl/l for S.sclerotiorum, 1450 μl/l for F.oxysporum and 1050 μl/l for V.dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: Verticillium dahliae (100% in both cases) y F.oxysporum (53 y 65%), S. sclerotiorum (84 y 89%) and Cladosporium (47% to 2000 μl/l only). For P.terebinthus essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae and 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 450 μl/l for F.oxysporum and 80 μl/l for V.dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: Verticillium dahliae (23 y 27%) y F.oxysporum (62% in both cases) and R. stolonifer (27 y 42,9%).
[EN]In this experimental work, we have approached to study of inhibitory activity of several essential oils against five phytopathogenic fungi. It have been used increasing concentrations of the tested essentials oils (0, 100, 250, 500 1000 and 2000 μl/l) belonging from different parts of species Cistus ladanifer, Bupleurum gibraltarium and Pistacia terebinthus. These oils have been immersed in PGA medium (potato-glucose-agar) and later have been distributed in Petri dishes at a dose of 20 ml/dish Petri. Phytopatogenic fungi have been inoculated in the center of petri dishes and growing at 25ºC during 10 days. For each essential oil tested, it have been measured parameters as Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC); Lethal dosis 50 (DL50) and percentage of inhibition growth in each fungi. For the first essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l about R. stolonifer y 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 1250 μl/l for R. stolonifer and 1600 μl/l for V. dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: R. stolonifer (75,79 y 94,05%), Verticillium dahliae (51,47 y 100%) y F.oxysporum (37,1 y 45,16%). For B.gibraltaricum essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae, 2000 μl/l about Cladosporium y 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 1550 μl/l for S.sclerotiorum, 1450 μl/l for F.oxysporum and 1050 μl/l for V.dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: Verticillium dahliae (100% in both cases) y F.oxysporum (53 y 65%), S. sclerotiorum (84 y 89%) and Cladosporium (47% to 2000 μl/l only). For P.terebinthus essential oil it have been registered values MIC of 100 μl/l about V.dahliae and 100 μl/l about F. oxysporum; a rate LD50 of 450 μl/l for F.oxysporum and 80 μl/l for V.dahliae; the inhibition porcentages for the next mushroom to 1000 μl/l y 2000 μl/l of essential oil concentration were: Verticillium dahliae (23 y 27%) y F.oxysporum (62% in both cases) and R. stolonifer (27 y 42,9%).