Entrenamiento atencional como tratamiento en esquizofrenia: un estudio de caso
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2021-04-06
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[ES]Las experiencias psicóticas como los delirios y las alucinaciones son fenómenos
intensos, perturbadores y ocasionadores de multitud de disfunciones en los distintos
ámbitos vitales de la persona que los padece. Estos aspectos hacen necesario que se
justifique la aplicación de un tratamiento oportuno a los mismos. El objetivo de este
estudio es comprobar la eficacia de la aplicación de la técnica de entrenamiento en
atención (attention training technique, ATT; Wells, 1990) a un caso con diagnóstico de
esquizofrenia. Se tomaron medidas de sintomatología esquizofrénica, alteraciones
emocionales, calidad de vida y procesos cognitivos. Tras la aplicación del tratamiento,
se observó una mejora de la capacidad cognitiva atencional del paciente, así como una
disminución de diversas dimensiones de su conducta alucinatoria y delirante. Los
síntomas ansiosos y depresivos también mejoraron. Al final del trabajo, se discuten
estos resultados, se presentan las posibles limitaciones encontradas y se exponen futuras
investigaciones/aplicaciones de la ATT.
[EN]Psychotic experiences such as delusions and hallucinations are intense, disturbing phenomena and cause a multitude of dysfunctions in the different vital areas of the person who suffers them. These aspects make it necessary to justify the application of an appropriate treatment to them. The objective of this study is to verify the efficacy of the application of the attention training technique (ATT; Wells, 1990) to a case with a diagnostic of schizophrenia. Measures of schizophrenic symptomatology, emotional alterations, quality of life and cognitive processes were taken. After treatment, there was an improvement in the patient's cognitive capacity, as well as a decrease in the various dimensions of his hallucinatory and delusional behavior. The anxious and depressive symptoms also improved. At the end of the work, these results are discussed, possible limitations and future research/applications of ATT are presented.
[EN]Psychotic experiences such as delusions and hallucinations are intense, disturbing phenomena and cause a multitude of dysfunctions in the different vital areas of the person who suffers them. These aspects make it necessary to justify the application of an appropriate treatment to them. The objective of this study is to verify the efficacy of the application of the attention training technique (ATT; Wells, 1990) to a case with a diagnostic of schizophrenia. Measures of schizophrenic symptomatology, emotional alterations, quality of life and cognitive processes were taken. After treatment, there was an improvement in the patient's cognitive capacity, as well as a decrease in the various dimensions of his hallucinatory and delusional behavior. The anxious and depressive symptoms also improved. At the end of the work, these results are discussed, possible limitations and future research/applications of ATT are presented.