Muestreo con probabilidades desiguales y proporcionales al tamaño.
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2018-07-12
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] En este Trabajo de Fin de Grado voy a hablar de un tipo de
muestreo en poblaciones finitas. Para ello, este trabajo consta de
una introducción que resume qué es un muestreo probabilístico y
los diferentes tipos de muestreo que nos encontramos. A
continuación, se desarrollará nuestro muestreo principal
denominado “Muestreo con probabilidades desiguales” que tendrá
un caso particular donde sus probabilidades son proporcionales al
tamaño; esto nos ayudará afrontar los problemas que nos surgirán
durante el desarrollo de este tipo de muestreo.
Dentro del muestreo con probabilidades desiguales, nos
encontramos con dos tipos de muestreos, los cuales son: muestreo
con reemplazamiento y muestreo sin reemplazamiento. Cada uno
se explicará con una pequeña introducción, su respectivo
estimador, varianza y unos métodos especiales de selección.
Finalmente, se aplicará estos tipos de muestreos a un conjunto de
datos.
[EN] In this Final Degree Project I will talk about a type of sampling in finite populations. For this, this work consists of an introduction that summarizes what is a probabilistic sampling and the different types of sampling that we find. Next, we will develop our main sample called "Sampling with unequal probabilities" that will have a particular case where its probabilities are proportional to the size; this will help us to deal with the problems that will arise during the development of this type of sampling. In sampling with unequal probabilities, we find two types of sampling, which are: sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement. Each one will be explained with a small introduction, its respective estimator, variance and special selection methods. Finally, these types of samples will be applied to a data set.
[EN] In this Final Degree Project I will talk about a type of sampling in finite populations. For this, this work consists of an introduction that summarizes what is a probabilistic sampling and the different types of sampling that we find. Next, we will develop our main sample called "Sampling with unequal probabilities" that will have a particular case where its probabilities are proportional to the size; this will help us to deal with the problems that will arise during the development of this type of sampling. In sampling with unequal probabilities, we find two types of sampling, which are: sampling with replacement and sampling without replacement. Each one will be explained with a small introduction, its respective estimator, variance and special selection methods. Finally, these types of samples will be applied to a data set.