Características de las lesiones de órgano diana en adultos hipertensos y su relación con el riesgo cardiovascular y la adherencia al tratamiento
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2025-09-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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(ES)Introducción: La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es una enfermedad que se caracteriza por la subida de la
presión arterial sanguínea. También es considerada un factor de riesgo cardiovascular porque su mal
control puede provocar lesiones de órgano diana (LOD).
Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las LOD en pacientes hipertensos del
Polígono del Valle, Jaén capital y su relación con el control de la presión arterial, el riesgo cardiovascular y
la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico.
Diseño metodológico: Se realizó un estudio de diseño observacional, descriptivo transversal, de
correlación, reclutando pacientes hipertensos que acudieron a consulta del centro de salud urbano El
Valle, con un muestreo sistemático incluyendo pacientes ≥18 años, diagnosticados de HTA y con
tratamiento farmacológico. Se analizaron los datos mediante estudio descriptivo, bivariante y
multivariante (regresión logística) en función de la ausencia/presencia de LOD.
Resultados: Se reclutaron 100 pacientes hipertensos. El 40% de los sujetos presentó LOD, con especial
prevalencia de las enfermedades cardíacas y renales. El perfil del paciente hipertenso con LOD encontrado
tuvo las siguientes características: el sexo femenino (57,7%); con una media de edad de 73,7 años (±9,9);
con 13,6 años (±8,3) de evolución de la enfermedad de base, con un control de TA adecuado (68%), con
un RCV muy alto (47%), obesos (75%), que utilizan IECA/ARA2 (93%) como tratamiento farmacológico y
con buena adherencia al tratamiento (61%). El análisis multivariante obtuvo un modelo explicativo final
en el cual quedaron como factores de riesgo el tiempo de evolución de la hipertensión arterial (OR 1,082),
la presencia de dislipemia (OR 3,142) y la mala adherencia al tratamiento (OR 5,964).
Conclusiones: Las variables que pudieron tener relación con la LOD fueron: sexo femenino, factores de
riesgo cardiovascular (dislipemia, diabetes, tabaquismo) y mala adherencia al tratamiento. Aunque no
hubo diferencias estadísticas sí hubo significación clínica y correlación con otros estudios.
(EN)Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a disease characterized by elevated blood pressure. It is also considered a cardiovascular risk factor because its poor control can lead to target organ damage (TOD). Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TOD in hypertensive patients in the Polígono del Valle, Jaen Capital, and its relationship with blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk, and adherence to pharmacological treatment. Methodological design: A cross-sectional descriptive observational design study of correlation was carried out, recruiting hypertensive patients who attended the El Valle urban health center, with systematic sampling until a sample size of 100 patients was reached. Data were analyzed through a descriptive, bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) study according to the presence of TOD. Results: 40% of the subjects presented LOD, with a special prevalence of cardiac and renal diseases. The profile of the hypertensive patient with TOD had the following characteristics: female sex (57.7%); mean age of 73.7 years (±9.9); 13.6 years (±8.3) of evolution of the baseline disease, with adequate BP control (68%), with a very high CVR (47%), obese (75%), using ACEI/ARA2 (93%) as pharmacological treatment and with good adherence to treatment (61%). The multivariate analysis arrived at a final explanatory model in which time of evolution of arterial hypertension (OR 1.082), presence of dyslipidemia (OR 3.142) and poor adherence to treatment (OR 5.964) remained as risk factors. Conclusions: The variables that could have been related to TOD were: female sex, cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking) and poor adherence to treatment. Although there were no statistical differences, there was clinical significance and correlation with other studies.
(EN)Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a disease characterized by elevated blood pressure. It is also considered a cardiovascular risk factor because its poor control can lead to target organ damage (TOD). Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of TOD in hypertensive patients in the Polígono del Valle, Jaen Capital, and its relationship with blood pressure control, cardiovascular risk, and adherence to pharmacological treatment. Methodological design: A cross-sectional descriptive observational design study of correlation was carried out, recruiting hypertensive patients who attended the El Valle urban health center, with systematic sampling until a sample size of 100 patients was reached. Data were analyzed through a descriptive, bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) study according to the presence of TOD. Results: 40% of the subjects presented LOD, with a special prevalence of cardiac and renal diseases. The profile of the hypertensive patient with TOD had the following characteristics: female sex (57.7%); mean age of 73.7 years (±9.9); 13.6 years (±8.3) of evolution of the baseline disease, with adequate BP control (68%), with a very high CVR (47%), obese (75%), using ACEI/ARA2 (93%) as pharmacological treatment and with good adherence to treatment (61%). The multivariate analysis arrived at a final explanatory model in which time of evolution of arterial hypertension (OR 1.082), presence of dyslipidemia (OR 3.142) and poor adherence to treatment (OR 5.964) remained as risk factors. Conclusions: The variables that could have been related to TOD were: female sex, cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking) and poor adherence to treatment. Although there were no statistical differences, there was clinical significance and correlation with other studies.
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Patología Clínica, Medicina Preventiva, Patología Cardiovascular, Arteriosclerosis