La atención temprana en las dificultades específicas del aprendizaje y el modelo RTI
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2022-12-16
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(ES) Las dificultades específicas del aprendizaje (DEA) son alteraciones de base neurobiológica que
afectan a procesos implicados en el lenguaje, la lectura, matemáticas y escritura y afectan en
torno al 5 – 17% de la población mundial. Entre ellas se encuentran las dificultades
lectoescritoras, que abarcan problemas en la codificación y comprensión, así como en la
ortografía, velocidad y fluidez de lectura. La Atención Temprana (AT) consiste en un conjunto
de intervenciones que tienen como objetivo detectar y trabajar de forma temprana las
dificultades asociadas al desarrollo de los niños, de tal forma que se pueda intervenir para evitar
el desarrollo posterior o el empeoramiento de una dificultad manifiesta. Por otro lado, el modelo
de respuesta a la intervención (RTI por sus siglas en inglés) es un modelo que tiene como
objetivo detectar de forma precoz las características asociadas con la dislexia. Este modelo ha
demostrado reducir el retraso en el proceso de lectura, así como mejorar el rendimiento
académico y personal. El presente Trabajo de Fin de Grado muestra una revisión bibliográfica
con el objetivo de analizar la literatura existente sobre la dislexia, la atención temprana y el
modelo RTI, además de conocer los métodos para detecta e intervenir de forma temprana en las
dificultades específicas del aprendizaje, en concreto, de la dislexia. Para ello, se han consultado
diversas bases de datos, así como literatura gris y revistas científicas propias del ámbito de la
psicología y la educación.
(EN) Learning Disabilities (LD) are neurobiologically based disorders that affect processes involved in language, reading, mathematics and writing and affect around 5 - 17% of the world's population. Among them are reading and writing difficulties, which include problems in encoding and comprehension, as well as in spelling, speed and reading fluency. Early intervention (ECI) consists of a set of interventions that aim to detect and work early on the difficulties associated with children's development, so that interventions can be made to prevent further development or worsening of a manifest difficulty. On the other hand, the response to intervention (RTI) model is a model that aims to detect early the characteristics associated with dyslexia. This model has been shown to reduce the delay in the reading process, as well as to improve academic and personal performance. This thesis shows a literature review with the aim of analyzing the existing literature on dyslexia, early attention and the RTI model, as well as to know the methods to detect and intervene early in specific learning difficulties, specifically dyslexia. For this purpose, several databases have been consulted, as well as grey literature and scientific journals in the field of psychology and education.
(EN) Learning Disabilities (LD) are neurobiologically based disorders that affect processes involved in language, reading, mathematics and writing and affect around 5 - 17% of the world's population. Among them are reading and writing difficulties, which include problems in encoding and comprehension, as well as in spelling, speed and reading fluency. Early intervention (ECI) consists of a set of interventions that aim to detect and work early on the difficulties associated with children's development, so that interventions can be made to prevent further development or worsening of a manifest difficulty. On the other hand, the response to intervention (RTI) model is a model that aims to detect early the characteristics associated with dyslexia. This model has been shown to reduce the delay in the reading process, as well as to improve academic and personal performance. This thesis shows a literature review with the aim of analyzing the existing literature on dyslexia, early attention and the RTI model, as well as to know the methods to detect and intervene early in specific learning difficulties, specifically dyslexia. For this purpose, several databases have been consulted, as well as grey literature and scientific journals in the field of psychology and education.