SELENOPROTEÍNAS EN MAMÍFEROS.
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2020-10-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
El selenio es un oligoelemento esencial para el organismo, que se incorpora a las proteínas en forma de
selenocisteína (Sec) formando las selenoproteínas, por lo que a la Sec se la considera como el 21º
aminoácido. La incorporación de la Sec en la síntesis de proteínas es diferente a la del resto de
aminoácidos proteinogénicos e implica la participación del codón UGA (codón stop), y una serie de
elementos específicos, incluyendo el ARNt (Sec-ARNtSec), la proteína de unión (SBP2) y el factor de
elongación (eEFSec), así como una secuencia especial en el ARNm (SECIS). Las selenoproteínas de
mamíferos desempeñan un papel importante en la defensa antioxidante, las más importantes son la
glutatión peroxidasa, la tiorredoxina reductasa, la yodotironinas desyodasas y la selenoproteina P, que se
distribuyen en tejidos distintos. En esta revisión se recopila una actualización sobre el selenio,
incorporación de Sec y funciones de las distintas selenoproteínas.
Selenium is an essential trace element for the organism, and between its biological functions, the most important one is to incorporate to the proteins in form of selenocysteine (Sec) forming the selenoproteins, reason why to the Sec it is considered as the 21º amino acid. The incorporation of Sec in protein synthesis is different to that of other proteinogenic amino acids and involves the participation of the UGA codon (stop codon), and a number of specific elements, including tRNA (Sec- tRNASec), binding protein (SBP2) and elongation factor (eEFSec), as well as a special sequence in the selenoprotein mRNA (SECIS). Mammalian selenoproteins play an important role in antioxidant defense, the most important being glutathione peroxidase, thiorredoxine reductase, iodothyronine deidases and selenoprotein P, which are distributed in different tissues. This review collect an update on selenium, Sec incorporation and functions of the different selenoproteins.
Selenium is an essential trace element for the organism, and between its biological functions, the most important one is to incorporate to the proteins in form of selenocysteine (Sec) forming the selenoproteins, reason why to the Sec it is considered as the 21º amino acid. The incorporation of Sec in protein synthesis is different to that of other proteinogenic amino acids and involves the participation of the UGA codon (stop codon), and a number of specific elements, including tRNA (Sec- tRNASec), binding protein (SBP2) and elongation factor (eEFSec), as well as a special sequence in the selenoprotein mRNA (SECIS). Mammalian selenoproteins play an important role in antioxidant defense, the most important being glutathione peroxidase, thiorredoxine reductase, iodothyronine deidases and selenoprotein P, which are distributed in different tissues. This review collect an update on selenium, Sec incorporation and functions of the different selenoproteins.