Evaluación antibacteriana y tóxica de los extractos de Artemisia ludoviciana, Helianthus annuus var. Autumn Beauty y Lycopodium clavatum como propuesta contra bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas
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2018-06-28
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]La pérdida de la eficacia de los antimicrobianos debido la resistencia bacteriana en los hospitales e industria alimentaria, ha exigido la búsqueda e investigación constante para encontrar antimicrobianos con mínima toxicidad. Las plantas y sus metabolitos representan una opción en la investigación (Laxminarayan et al., 2013; Mostafa, Al-askar, et al., 2018).
En este trabajo se evaluó la actividad antibacteriana y tóxica de los extractos de Artemisia ludoviciana, Helianthus annuus var. Autumn Beauty y Lycopodium clavatum, mediante pruebas de toxicidad in vivo en el modelo de Artemia spp. y actividad antibacteriana in vitro usando la técnica de difusión en disco, técnica modificada de pocillos y microtitulación en caldo, contra bacterias Gram-negativas y Gram-positivas para proponerlos como antimicrobianos. La actividad antioxidante se evaluó por el método de reducción de DPPH y los metabolitos secundarios a través de pruebas fitoquímicas preliminares.
Con base a los resultados, los extractos con mayor actividad inhibitoria contra bacterias Grampositivas y Gram-negativas fueron los extractos de acetato de etilo y etanol de H. annuus var. Autumn Beauty y A. ludoviciana; además poseen buena capacidad antioxidante. Los mismos extractos dieron positivo a la presencia de taninos, flavonoides, alcaloides y terpenos en cantidades de moderada a abundante. El extracto etanólico de H. annuus resultó ser el menos tóxico. Por lo tanto, estos extractos resultaron ser una muy buena propuesta como antimicrobianos alternativos o complementarios de algún tratamiento alopático.
[EN]The loss of the effectiveness of antimicrobials due to bacterial resistance in hospitals and the food industry, has required constant research to find antimicrobials with minimal toxicity. Herbal extracts and their metabolites are an option in research (Laxminarayan et al., 2013, Mostafa, Al-Askar, et al., 2018). In this work the objective was to evaluate the antibacterial and toxic activity of Artemisia ludoviciana, Helianthus annuus var. Autumn Beauty and Lycopodium clavatum, through in vivo toxicity tests in the Artemia spp. and in vitro antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion technique, modified well technique and the broth microdilution method, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in order to propose the active samples as antimicrobials. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging method and the secondary metabolites through phytochemical analysis. Based on the results, the extracts with greater inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of H. annuus var. Autumn Beauty and A. ludoviciana; in addition to having good antioxidant capacity. The same extracts indicated a positive result for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes in moderate to abundant amounts. The ethanolic extract of H. annuus was the least toxic. Therefore, these extracts are a very good proposal as alternative or complementary antimicrobials to some allopathic treatment.
[EN]The loss of the effectiveness of antimicrobials due to bacterial resistance in hospitals and the food industry, has required constant research to find antimicrobials with minimal toxicity. Herbal extracts and their metabolites are an option in research (Laxminarayan et al., 2013, Mostafa, Al-Askar, et al., 2018). In this work the objective was to evaluate the antibacterial and toxic activity of Artemisia ludoviciana, Helianthus annuus var. Autumn Beauty and Lycopodium clavatum, through in vivo toxicity tests in the Artemia spp. and in vitro antibacterial activity using the disk diffusion technique, modified well technique and the broth microdilution method, against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in order to propose the active samples as antimicrobials. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH radical scavenging method and the secondary metabolites through phytochemical analysis. Based on the results, the extracts with greater inhibitory activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of H. annuus var. Autumn Beauty and A. ludoviciana; in addition to having good antioxidant capacity. The same extracts indicated a positive result for the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes in moderate to abundant amounts. The ethanolic extract of H. annuus was the least toxic. Therefore, these extracts are a very good proposal as alternative or complementary antimicrobials to some allopathic treatment.
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Biotecnología