Biomarcadores en Autismo: Análisis de la expresión de microRNAs mediante Biología de Sistemas
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2017-07-06
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] El autismo comprende un grupo de trastornos crónicos del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por deficiencias de comunicación e interacción social, patrones restringidos y comportamientos repetitivos. El aumento significativo de su prevalencia, especialmente en niños en edad escolar, unido al hecho de que se desconoce la causa por la que se produce, es de un gran impacto social. Por estos y otros motivos, muchos autores están dedicando sus estudios a la búsqueda de biomarcadores que puedan ser efectivos para el diagnóstico del trastorno del espectro autista (TEA). Recientemente, en algunos artículos se ha hecho una descripción extensa sobre los biomarcadores epigenéticos, principalmente los microRNAs, pero ninguno de estos biomarcadores propuestos se ha llevado aún a la práctica clínica. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el perfil de expresión de microRNAs en autismo mediante una estrategia de biología de sistemas, con el fin de conocer el papel de los microRNAs como potenciales biomarcadores para este trastorno. Los resultados obtenidos apuntan a los miR-486-5p y miR-4270 como posibles dianas terapéuticas en el TEA, pues están altamente relacionados con el desarrollo y la función cerebral.
[EN] Autism comprises a group of chronic neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction, restricted patterns and repetitive behaviors. The significant increase in its prevalence, especially in children of school age, coupled with the fact that its cause is unknown, are having a major impact on society. For these and other reasons, many authors are dedicating their studies to the detection of biomarkers that may be effective for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recently, epigenetic biomarkers of ASDs have been studied, mainly microRNAs, but none of these proposed biomarkers has yet been taken into clinical practice. Therefore, in this work we analyze the expression profile of microRNAs in autism using a systems biology approach, with the final aim of a better understanding of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in this disorder. The obtained results pointed to miR-486-5p and miR-4270 as potential clinical targets, as they are highly related to development and cerebral functions.
[EN] Autism comprises a group of chronic neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and social interaction, restricted patterns and repetitive behaviors. The significant increase in its prevalence, especially in children of school age, coupled with the fact that its cause is unknown, are having a major impact on society. For these and other reasons, many authors are dedicating their studies to the detection of biomarkers that may be effective for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recently, epigenetic biomarkers of ASDs have been studied, mainly microRNAs, but none of these proposed biomarkers has yet been taken into clinical practice. Therefore, in this work we analyze the expression profile of microRNAs in autism using a systems biology approach, with the final aim of a better understanding of microRNAs as potential biomarkers in this disorder. The obtained results pointed to miR-486-5p and miR-4270 as potential clinical targets, as they are highly related to development and cerebral functions.