La influencia de la cartelería bélica en la población durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939)
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2022-12-14
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(ES) Durante la Guerra Civil Española la propaganda bélica operó como una herramienta de difusión
de ideas, consejos, motivación, desmoralización, petición de ayuda, exaltación del valor propio,
demonización del contrario… El periodo bélico fue un campo de pruebas para desarrollar y
perfeccionar los medios de propaganda como pocas veces se había dado en la historia bélica reciente.
Entre los medios de propaganda empleados (prensa escrita, radio, documentales, folletos y pasquines),
los carteles adquirieron un protagonismo especial, por su sencillez, sus textos breves y contundentes,
sus imágenes y el simbolismo que encierran, buscando llegar al sentimiento del receptor y motivar un
cambio de actitud o de reafirmarle en la tomada. La propaganda bélica se alinéa con la guerra
psicológica y ese enlace se percibe en los carteles, que fueron un elemento de gran importancia
informativa durante todo el conflicto bélico, influyendo sin lugar a dudas en la población civil de
ambos bandos. En este sentido, para la realización del presente trabajo se ha realizado una búsqueda
bibliográfica sobre estos aspectos y se han recogido y comentado algunos carteles de ambos bandos,
republicano y nacional, como ejemplo de ello.
(EN) During the Spanish Civil War, war advertising operated as a tool for the dissemination of ideas, advice, motivation, demoralisation, appeals for help, exaltation of one's own courage, demonisation of the enemy... The war period was a testing ground for developing and perfecting the means of advertising as rarely had happened before in recent wartime history. Among the advertising media used (written press, radio, documentaries, leaflets and pamphlets), posters acquired a special prominence, due to their simplicity, their brief and forceful texts, their images and the symbolism they contain, seeking to reach the recipient's feelings and motivate a change of attitude or to reaffirm the attitude taken. War advertising is aligned with psychological warfare and this link can be seen in the posters, which were an element of great informative importance throughout the war, undoubtedly influencing the civilian population on both sides. In this sense, in order to carry out this work, a bibliographical search was carried out on these aspects and some posters from both sides, Republican and Nationalist, were collected and commented on as examples of this.
(EN) During the Spanish Civil War, war advertising operated as a tool for the dissemination of ideas, advice, motivation, demoralisation, appeals for help, exaltation of one's own courage, demonisation of the enemy... The war period was a testing ground for developing and perfecting the means of advertising as rarely had happened before in recent wartime history. Among the advertising media used (written press, radio, documentaries, leaflets and pamphlets), posters acquired a special prominence, due to their simplicity, their brief and forceful texts, their images and the symbolism they contain, seeking to reach the recipient's feelings and motivate a change of attitude or to reaffirm the attitude taken. War advertising is aligned with psychological warfare and this link can be seen in the posters, which were an element of great informative importance throughout the war, undoubtedly influencing the civilian population on both sides. In this sense, in order to carry out this work, a bibliographical search was carried out on these aspects and some posters from both sides, Republican and Nationalist, were collected and commented on as examples of this.