Neuropsicología del maltrato infantil

Abstract

[ES] En este trabajo se ha abordado la problemática del maltrato infantil y como este, repercute en el infante de forma psicológica, social y conductual. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es demostrar que el maltrato a una edad temprana correlaciona de forma directa con psicopatologías futuras y daños neurológicos severos en el infante. Se recabaron estudios de los 16 últimos años, en los que se registraron respuestas de neuroimagen estructural y neuroimagen funcional de menores con afectaciones y anomalías de áreas significativas del cerebro. Los resultados encontrados fueron que se observaron múltiples psicopatologías en menores que previamente presentaban un historial de maltrato. Aunque, otros estudios analizados nos indican que no todas aquellas personas que han recibido cualquier tipo de maltrato infantil, desarrollan patologías futuras y poseen habilidades propias de personalidad que influyen como elemento protector frente al maltrato. Los llamados “sujetos resilientes”.

[EN] In this work, the problem of child abuse has been addressed and how this affects the infant in a psychological, social and behavioral way. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate that abuse at an early age is directly correlated with future psychopathologies and severe neurological damage in infants. Studies from the last 16 years were collected, in which structural neuroimaging and functional neuroimaging responses of minors with affectations and abnormalities of significant areas of the brain were recorded. The results found were that multiple psychopathologies were observed in minors who previously had a history of abuse. Although, other studies analyzed indicate that not all those who have received any type of child abuse, develop future pathologies and possess their own personality abilities that influence as a protective element against abuse. The so-called "resilient subjects".