El hueso de aceituna como sustrato para el cultivo de plantas
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2016-10-27
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Este trabajo tiene como fin el estudio hueso de aceituna triturado (subproducto
de la aceituna) como sustrato hidropónico en el cultivo de plantas. Se llevó a cabo
mediante la realización de 5 experimentos: el primero con el fin de conocer el grado
de fitotoxicidad del sustrato (hueso lavado y sin lavar), en cuatro especies diferentes
y durante dos periodos de incubación; en el segundo y tercero se comparó el
desarrollo de plantas de tomate y girasol, respectivamente, cultivadas en maceta con
hueso y perlita, bajo condiciones controladas; y en el cuarto y quinto se llevó a cabo
el mismo experimento (con plantas de tomate y girasol, respectivamente, y bajo las
mismas condiciones) sólo que se sustituyeron macetas por jarras Leonard,
empleando perlita (control), hueso y mezcla 1/1 (v/v). En el primer experimento se
observó fitotoxicidad provocando un retraso en la elongación radicular de tomate y
lechuga. En los experimentos 2 y 3 se produjo un mayor desarrollo de las plantas
crecidas en hueso; sin embargo, en los experimentos 4 y 5 se produjo una inhibición
de las plantas crecidas en hueso y mezcla respecto a las control. Se concluye que el
hueso triturado puede ser un buen sustrato precisando un adecuado sistema de
cultivo y de riego.
[EN]This work aims to study the olive stone crushed (by-product of the olive) as substrate in hydroponic growing plants. It was carried out by conducting 5 experiments: the first in order to know the degree of phytotoxicity the substrate (washed and unwashed stone), in four different species and for two incubation periods; in the second and third the development of tomato plants and sunflowers, respectively, grown in pot with stone and perlite, was compared under controlled conditions; and the fourth and fifth was performed the same experiment (with tomato plants and sunflowers, respectively, and under the same conditions) only pots were replaced by Leonard jars using perlite (control), stone and mix 1/1 (v / v). In the first experiment slow levels of phytotoxic substances were observed, these just affect of tomato and lettuce seeds. In experiments 2 and 3 there was a larger development of plants grown in stone; however, in experiments 4 and 5 it was produced an inhibition of plants grown in stone and mixing regarding to control. It was concluded that crushing stone can be an effective substrate in cultivate without soil needs a continuous irrigation system or short periods of time.
[EN]This work aims to study the olive stone crushed (by-product of the olive) as substrate in hydroponic growing plants. It was carried out by conducting 5 experiments: the first in order to know the degree of phytotoxicity the substrate (washed and unwashed stone), in four different species and for two incubation periods; in the second and third the development of tomato plants and sunflowers, respectively, grown in pot with stone and perlite, was compared under controlled conditions; and the fourth and fifth was performed the same experiment (with tomato plants and sunflowers, respectively, and under the same conditions) only pots were replaced by Leonard jars using perlite (control), stone and mix 1/1 (v / v). In the first experiment slow levels of phytotoxic substances were observed, these just affect of tomato and lettuce seeds. In experiments 2 and 3 there was a larger development of plants grown in stone; however, in experiments 4 and 5 it was produced an inhibition of plants grown in stone and mixing regarding to control. It was concluded that crushing stone can be an effective substrate in cultivate without soil needs a continuous irrigation system or short periods of time.
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Fisiologia vegetal