Polifarmacia en personas mayores: prevalencia, reacciones adversas , uso de los servicios sanitarios e intervenciones. Una revisión sistemática
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2017-05-22
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] El objetivo es realizar una síntesis de la evidencia reciente referente a la polifarmacia en la población
anciana. Se ha realizado una revisión sistemática a partir de cuarentaidós estudios. La prevalencia de
polifarmacia en esta población fue de entre un 20'6% y un 85'5%. En mujeres se obtuvo una prevalencia
de polimedicación mayor. Obtuvimos que se consumía una media de entre 2'2 y 9'3 fármacos diarios.
Entre el 4'6% y el 37'5% de los fármacos prescritos eran potencialmente inadecuados. Una revisión del
tratamiento redujo los fármacos consumidos. En un año sufrieron una media de 1'29 ingresos, y la
estancia hospitalaria media fue superior a diez días. Un tercio de esta población sufrió al menos una
reacción adversa medicamentosa (RAM) durante su estancia. Se podría concluir que existe una relación
entre el género femenino y el consumo de un elevado número de fármacos. Podría ser necesario
establecer una definición universal. Podría estar indicado que el personal de enfermería realizara un plan
de cuidados individualizado.
[EN] The aim of this study is to sinthesise the recent knowledge about polypharmacy in elderly population. We have made a systematic review from forty-two studies. The prevalence rates of polypharmacy were between 20'6% and 85'5%. In women, we found bigger prevalence rates. The main number of drugs taken per day was between 2º2 and 93. Of all prescribed drugs, between 4'6% and 37'5%, were potentially inappropiate. A medication review reduced the number of drugs taken. The average of hospitalization in a year was 1º29, and the main length of hospitalization was over ten days. One third of this population suffered at least one adverse drug event during their hospitalization. We could conclude that female gender and having a great number of drugs are proportionally related. It makes clear the necessity of a common definition of polypharmacy. It could be appropiate to make a comprehensive geriatric assessment and a care plan.
[EN] The aim of this study is to sinthesise the recent knowledge about polypharmacy in elderly population. We have made a systematic review from forty-two studies. The prevalence rates of polypharmacy were between 20'6% and 85'5%. In women, we found bigger prevalence rates. The main number of drugs taken per day was between 2º2 and 93. Of all prescribed drugs, between 4'6% and 37'5%, were potentially inappropiate. A medication review reduced the number of drugs taken. The average of hospitalization in a year was 1º29, and the main length of hospitalization was over ten days. One third of this population suffered at least one adverse drug event during their hospitalization. We could conclude that female gender and having a great number of drugs are proportionally related. It makes clear the necessity of a common definition of polypharmacy. It could be appropiate to make a comprehensive geriatric assessment and a care plan.