Aplicación individual de un Programa de Entrenamiento Metacognitivo en un caso de Esquizofrenia Paranoide
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2019-06-19
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]El trastorno de la esquizofrenia es uno de los principales trastornos en salud mental, y
se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas positivos, negativos o de desorganización. En
nuestro estudio, se presenta el caso único de una paciente diagnosticada de esquizofrenia
paranoide y que actualmente se encuentra en fase estable. Se llevó a cabo una entrevista
inicial y posteriormente una evaluación dónde se le administraron a la paciente una serie de
cuestionarios y la escala BPRS para confirmar el diagnóstico de esquizofrenia. Tras la
evaluación, los objetivos fundamentales del presente estudio fueron reducir la sintomatología
psicótica positiva y negativa, conseguir que las interpretaciones que realizaba de los
acontecimientos fueran más apropiadas, aumentar la conciencia de enfermedad y mejorar el
estado de ánimo. Para ello se realizó una intervención que consistió en la aplicación del
programa de “Entrenamiento Metacognitivo para pacientes con esquizofrenia” (EMC; Moritz
& Woodward, 2007), el cual fue adaptado a las necesidades de la paciente. Los resultados
obtenidos tras la post-evaluación revelan que se han cumplido todos los objetivos propuestos,
mostrando un descenso en la sintomatología psicótica, aumentando la conciencia de
enfermedad, la empatía, la autoestima y la resistencia a los estigmas. Además, las atribuciones
y las creencias irracionales se vuelven más adecuadas y adaptadas a la realidad, y disminuyen
los síntomas depresivos.
Palabras clave: Esquizofrenia, Delirios, Alucinaciones, Síntomas Positivos, Síntomas
Negativos, Entrenamiento Metacognitivo, Atribuciones.
[EN]The disorder of schizophrenia is one of the main mental health disorders, and is characterized by the presence of positive symptoms, negative or disorganization. In our study, we present the unique case of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia who is currently in a stable phase. An initial interview was conducted and then an evaluation where the patient was administered a series of questionnaires and the BPRS scale to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia. After the evaluation, the main objectives of the present study were to reduce the positive and negative psychotic symptomatology, to make the interpretations that it made of the events were more appropriate, to increase the awareness of illness and to improve the mood. For this, an intervention was carried out that consisted in the application of the program "Metacognitive Training for patients with schizophrenia" (EMC, Moritz & Woodward, 2007), which was adapted to the needs of the patient. The results obtained after 4 the post-evaluation reveal that all the proposed objectives have been met, showing a decrease in the psychotic symptomatology, increasing the awareness of illness, empathy, self-esteem and resistance to stigmas. In addition, irrational beliefs and attributions become more appropriate and adapted to reality, and depressive symptoms decrease. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Delusions, Hallucinations, Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Metacognitive Training, Attributions.
[EN]The disorder of schizophrenia is one of the main mental health disorders, and is characterized by the presence of positive symptoms, negative or disorganization. In our study, we present the unique case of a patient diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia who is currently in a stable phase. An initial interview was conducted and then an evaluation where the patient was administered a series of questionnaires and the BPRS scale to confirm the diagnosis of schizophrenia. After the evaluation, the main objectives of the present study were to reduce the positive and negative psychotic symptomatology, to make the interpretations that it made of the events were more appropriate, to increase the awareness of illness and to improve the mood. For this, an intervention was carried out that consisted in the application of the program "Metacognitive Training for patients with schizophrenia" (EMC, Moritz & Woodward, 2007), which was adapted to the needs of the patient. The results obtained after 4 the post-evaluation reveal that all the proposed objectives have been met, showing a decrease in the psychotic symptomatology, increasing the awareness of illness, empathy, self-esteem and resistance to stigmas. In addition, irrational beliefs and attributions become more appropriate and adapted to reality, and depressive symptoms decrease. Keywords: Schizophrenia, Delusions, Hallucinations, Positive Symptoms, Negative Symptoms, Metacognitive Training, Attributions.