Métodos para la determinación de esteroles en aceites vegetales
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2022-07-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Los fitoesteroles son un tipo de esteroles presentes en los aceites vegetales. Los fitoesteroles están siendo estudiados más a fondo debido a sus beneficios de prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, ya que
disminuyen el nivel de LDL y mantienen los niveles de HDL, lo cual indica que son muy beneficiosos para la salud cardiovascular. Después de revisar la estructura de los fitoesteroles y las fuentes naturales de estos compuestos, se estudiará la extracción del aceite de semillas oleaginosas y de la aceituna. Posteriormente se presentará la extracción y purificación de fitoesteroles de aceites vegetales, como paso previo al análisis; entre las técnicas más importantes resaltaremos la extracción con fluidos supercríticos, destilación
molecular, extracción con solventes, cromatografía a contracorriente de alta velocidad y el proceso enzimático. Por último, revisaremos los métodos de análisis de fitoesteroles en aceites vegetales más importantes, que serán la cromatografía líquida con detección ultravioleta, cromatografía líquida acoplada a espectrometría de masas y cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama y acoplada a espectrometría de masas.
[EN] Phytosterols are a type of sterols present in vegetable oils. Phytosterols are being studied further due to their cardiovascular disease prevention benefits, as they lower LDL levels and maintain HDL levels, indicating that they are very beneficial for cardiovascular health. After reviewing the structure of phytosterols and the natural sources of these compounds, the extraction of oil from oilseeds and olives will be studied. Subsequently, the extraction and purification of phytosterols from vegetable oils will be presented, as a previous step to the analysis; among the most important techniques we will highlight the extraction with supercritical fluids, molecular distillation, solvent extraction, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the enzymatic process. Finally, we will review the most important methods of analysis of phytosterols in vegetable oils, which will be liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector
[EN] Phytosterols are a type of sterols present in vegetable oils. Phytosterols are being studied further due to their cardiovascular disease prevention benefits, as they lower LDL levels and maintain HDL levels, indicating that they are very beneficial for cardiovascular health. After reviewing the structure of phytosterols and the natural sources of these compounds, the extraction of oil from oilseeds and olives will be studied. Subsequently, the extraction and purification of phytosterols from vegetable oils will be presented, as a previous step to the analysis; among the most important techniques we will highlight the extraction with supercritical fluids, molecular distillation, solvent extraction, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and the enzymatic process. Finally, we will review the most important methods of analysis of phytosterols in vegetable oils, which will be liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection, liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector
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Química Analitica