Relación entre la composición corporal, factores de riesgo y caída y calidad de vida en personas mayores de 60 años
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2017
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]El envejecimiento se asocia con cambios en la composición corporal, tales como un declive en la masa muscular (MM) y un aumento de la masa grasa, y con un aumento de las caídas. El objetivo es analizar la relación entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y la MM con el equilibrio estático y el miedo a caerse (MaC), factores de riesgo de caídas, y con la calidad de vida asociada a la salud (CVAS) en personas mayores de 60 años. Estudio transversal (n= 174). Mediante impedancia bioeléctrica se clasificó a los participantes en obesos y no obesos (%GC) y con MM normal o baja (índice de masa muscular apendicular). Variables dependientes: control postural (plataforma estabilométrica), MaC (FES-I) y CVAS (SF-36). Nuestros resultados mostraron una puntuación significativamente mayor del FES-I (p=0,038), y una menor en el componente sumario mental del SF-36 (p=0,013) en obesos, mientras que los de MM baja mostraron peor función física en el SF-36 (p=0,013). No hubo diferencias significativas por grupos respecto al equilibrio estático. Podemos concluir que, en personas mayores de 60 años, el %GC con rango de obesidad se asocia con mayor MaC y peor CVAS y que la MM baja presenta peor percepción de la CVAS respecto a la función física.
[EN]Aging related changes in body composition, such as muscle mass decrease and fat mass increase, are positively associated with the incidence of falls. Our aim was to analyze the association between fat mass percentage (FM%) and muscle mass with fear of falling (FoF) and postural balance, two important fall risk factors, and with Healthrelated quality of life (HrQoL) in 60years old population. Cross-sectional study (n=160). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to classify participants into obese/non obese according to FM% and into low/normal muscle mass (appendicular muscle mass index). Dependent variables: postural balance (stabilometric platform), FoF (FES-I) and HrQoL (SF-36). Our results showed a significantly lower and higher scores for FES-I (p=0,038) and SF-36 Mental Component Summary (p=0,013) in obese group, while participants with low muscle mass participants had a lower physical functioning domain (p=0,013). No significant differences were observed in postural balance. We can conclude that, in 60years older Spanish population, those with obesity FM% showed higher FoF and worse HrQoL, whereas people with low muscle mass are associated with limitations in mobility activities.
[EN]Aging related changes in body composition, such as muscle mass decrease and fat mass increase, are positively associated with the incidence of falls. Our aim was to analyze the association between fat mass percentage (FM%) and muscle mass with fear of falling (FoF) and postural balance, two important fall risk factors, and with Healthrelated quality of life (HrQoL) in 60years old population. Cross-sectional study (n=160). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to classify participants into obese/non obese according to FM% and into low/normal muscle mass (appendicular muscle mass index). Dependent variables: postural balance (stabilometric platform), FoF (FES-I) and HrQoL (SF-36). Our results showed a significantly lower and higher scores for FES-I (p=0,038) and SF-36 Mental Component Summary (p=0,013) in obese group, while participants with low muscle mass participants had a lower physical functioning domain (p=0,013). No significant differences were observed in postural balance. We can conclude that, in 60years older Spanish population, those with obesity FM% showed higher FoF and worse HrQoL, whereas people with low muscle mass are associated with limitations in mobility activities.
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