Análisis de la biodiversidad vegetal en los olivares del sur de España
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2016
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]La proliferación y el aumento en el uso de productos fitosanitarios como herbicidas y plaguicidas en los cultivos, en particular en el olivar de las provincias de Córdoba y Jaén, han traído consigo la desaparición de las cubiertas herbáceas naturales presentes históricamente en los cultivos. Estas cubiertas vegetales, albergan una gran biodiversidad no solo vegetal (cerca de 300 taxones diferentes en el área de estudio), sino animal y paisajística. En el presente trabajo se analiza la evolución de la diversidad florística de los herbazales, presentes en varios escenarios naturales o seminaturales de las provincias de Jaén y Córdoba durante el periodo de 2005 y 2016. Tras este análisis, se pone de manifiesto que la presión ejercida sobre las cubiertas herbáceas por parte del uso abusivo de herbicidas, conlleva consecuencias tales como el empobrecimiento en especies características de estas comunidades, proliferación de taxones generalistas e incluso la transformación de las comunidades vegetales cuando las condiciones del suelo han cambiado de manera drástica.
[EN]The proliferation and increasing use of plant protection products such as herbicides and pesticides in agriculture, particularly in the olive grove in the provinces of Córdoba and Jaén, result in the disappearance of grasslands historically present in the olive groves and fields of grain. These grasslands, host a large biodiversity not only vegetal (about 300 different taxa in the study area), also animals and landscape biodiversity. In this paper we analyze the evolution of the floristic diversity of grasslands, present in various natural or semi-natural landscaes of the provinces of Jaén and Córdoba over the years 2005 and 2016. After this analysis, it is evident that the pressure on the grasslands by the overuse of herbicides, has consequences such as the reduction and loss of species characteristics of these communities, proliferation of generalist taxa and even the transformation of plant communities when soil conditions have changed drastically.
[EN]The proliferation and increasing use of plant protection products such as herbicides and pesticides in agriculture, particularly in the olive grove in the provinces of Córdoba and Jaén, result in the disappearance of grasslands historically present in the olive groves and fields of grain. These grasslands, host a large biodiversity not only vegetal (about 300 different taxa in the study area), also animals and landscape biodiversity. In this paper we analyze the evolution of the floristic diversity of grasslands, present in various natural or semi-natural landscaes of the provinces of Jaén and Córdoba over the years 2005 and 2016. After this analysis, it is evident that the pressure on the grasslands by the overuse of herbicides, has consequences such as the reduction and loss of species characteristics of these communities, proliferation of generalist taxa and even the transformation of plant communities when soil conditions have changed drastically.