Intervenciones asistidas con animales en terapias cognitivo-conductuales para individuos con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad: revisión sistemática de ensayos controlados
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2024-04-22
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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Contexto: El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) está entre los trastornos más comunes del neurodesarrollo en la niñez y puede afectar profundamente al rendimiento académico, bienestar e interacciones sociales. Con esta revisión sistemática pretendimos comprobar si las Intervenciones Asistidas con Animales (IAA) son eficaces para disminuir los síntomas de dicho trastorno, qué síntomas son más beneficiados y con qué tipo de intervención. Métodos: Para comprobarlo realizamos búsquedas en las bases de datos WOS, PsycINFO y Scopus, desde el inicio relativo hasta mediados de julio 2023. Después de la eliminación de duplicados y haber aplicados los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron seis estudios controlados. Resultados: Se encontró que hay diferencias estadística-significativamente positivas a favor de la inclusión de animales frente a la no inclusión. Conclusiones: Estos resultados se consiguieron con muestras medianas y estudios con variables no controladas, esto hace que no se pueda aseverar científicamente que las IAA son eficaces. Por eso son necesarios estudios con descripciones más detalladas, muestras más grandes y mayor rigor científico.
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and can profoundly affect academic performance, well-being and social interactions. With this systematic review we aimed to test whether Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are effective in reducing the symptoms of the disorder, which symptoms benefit the most and with which type of intervention. Methods: To test this, we searched the WOS, PsycINFO and Scopus databases from the relative beginning until mid-July 2023. After elimination of duplicates and having applied the inclusion criteria, six controlled studies were selected. Results: Statistically-significantly positive differences were found in favor of animal inclusion versus non-inclusion. Conclusions: These results were achieved with medium-sized samples and studies with uncontrolled variables, this makes it impossible to scientifically assert that AAI are effective. Therefore, studies with more detailed descriptions, larger samples and greater scientific rigor are needed.
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and can profoundly affect academic performance, well-being and social interactions. With this systematic review we aimed to test whether Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are effective in reducing the symptoms of the disorder, which symptoms benefit the most and with which type of intervention. Methods: To test this, we searched the WOS, PsycINFO and Scopus databases from the relative beginning until mid-July 2023. After elimination of duplicates and having applied the inclusion criteria, six controlled studies were selected. Results: Statistically-significantly positive differences were found in favor of animal inclusion versus non-inclusion. Conclusions: These results were achieved with medium-sized samples and studies with uncontrolled variables, this makes it impossible to scientifically assert that AAI are effective. Therefore, studies with more detailed descriptions, larger samples and greater scientific rigor are needed.