UTILIZACIÓN DE LA PODA DE OLIVO COMO REFUERZO DE PLÁSTICOS
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2021-02-09
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[ES]El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar un estudio preliminar sobre la utilización de la fibra de la poda de
olivo como refuerzo para la fabricación de materiales compuestos. Como matriz se utilizó el
polipropileno. La fibra de olivo se caracterizó según su contenido en celulosa, hemicelulosa y lignina.
Se realizaron distintos tratamientos a la fibra de olivo con hidróxido de sodio al 2, 6 y 10 % y
viniltrimetoxisilano al 1, 2 y 5 %, con el objetivo de modificar químicamente la superficie de la fibra
para favorecer su unión con la matriz termoplástica; igualmente se realizó una combinación de
tratamiento alcalino con posterior silanización para estudiar el mismo efecto sobre la superficie de
la fibra. Los ensayos de Espectroscopía Infrarroja con Transformada de Fourier (FTIR) y Microscopía
Electrónica de Barrido (SEM) demostraron que la mercerización modificó químicamente la superficie
de la fibra de olivo, sin embargo los cambios de la silanización tuvieron menos impacto, siendo más
claros los resultados mediante el SEM. Además, en este estudio, el tratamiento alcalino previo a la
silanización no favoreció un mejor acoplamiento del viniltrimetoxisilano. Los resultados del ensayo a
tracción y ensayo a flexión de los materiales compuestos fabricados con fibra tratada no
presentaron cambios relevantes respecto al polipropileno puro; respecto a la resistencia al impacto,
disminuye con la presencia de fbra tratada en el material compuesto.
[EN]The aim of this work was to carry out a preliminary study on the use of olive pruning fiber as reinforcement for the manufacture of composite materials. Polypropylene was used as the matrix of the composite material. The olive fiber was characterized according to its content in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Differents treatments were carried out on the olive fiber with sodium hydroxide at 2, 6 and 10% and vinyltrimethoxysilane at 1, 2 and 5%, with the objective of chemically modifying the surface of the fiber to favor its union with the thermoplastic matrix; likewise, a combination of alkaline treatment with subsequent silanization was carried out to study the same effect on the fiber surface. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests showed that mercerization chemically modifies the surface of the olive fiber, however the changes of the silanization had less impact, the results being clearer through the SEM. Furthermore, in this study, alkaline treatment prior to silanization did not favor better coupling of vinyltrimethoxysilane. The results of the tensile test and flexural test of the composites materials manufactured with treated fiber did not show relevant changes compared to pure polypropylene; as to the impact resistance, it decreases with the presence of treated fiber in the composite.
[EN]The aim of this work was to carry out a preliminary study on the use of olive pruning fiber as reinforcement for the manufacture of composite materials. Polypropylene was used as the matrix of the composite material. The olive fiber was characterized according to its content in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Differents treatments were carried out on the olive fiber with sodium hydroxide at 2, 6 and 10% and vinyltrimethoxysilane at 1, 2 and 5%, with the objective of chemically modifying the surface of the fiber to favor its union with the thermoplastic matrix; likewise, a combination of alkaline treatment with subsequent silanization was carried out to study the same effect on the fiber surface. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) tests showed that mercerization chemically modifies the surface of the olive fiber, however the changes of the silanization had less impact, the results being clearer through the SEM. Furthermore, in this study, alkaline treatment prior to silanization did not favor better coupling of vinyltrimethoxysilane. The results of the tensile test and flexural test of the composites materials manufactured with treated fiber did not show relevant changes compared to pure polypropylene; as to the impact resistance, it decreases with the presence of treated fiber in the composite.