Diversidad nematológica (Nematoda, Dorylaimida y Mononchida) en suelos de olivar con tres sistemas de laboreo diferentes: un estudio comparado
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2024-01-15
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
Este trabajo presenta un estudio de la nematofauna edáfica de los órdenes Dorylaimida y Mononchida en tres olivares con diferente manejo (suelo desnudo, convencional, ecológico), situados en el municipio de
Pegalajar, provincia de Jaén, en tres enclaves geográficos próximos entre sí (Fuente del Peñón, El Cercado
y El Puerto). Se han identificado 658 individuos a partir de 30 muestras de 72,64 cm3 de suelo cada una.
Los nematodos se han extraído por en gradiente de sacarosa, se han montado en preparaciones
permanentes en glicerina anhidra, y se han medido e identificado con microscopía óptica. También se ha
analizado la flora arvense asociada a los olivares. La abundancia nematológica es apreciablemente mayor
en el olivar orgánico, pero las diferencias observadas no son significativas. La riqueza específica de
nematodos es significativamente mayor en las parcelas que mantienen la cobertura vegetal. La
distribución de la diversidad y de la abundancia, tanto de la nematofauna como de la flora, presenta
valores más elevados en olivares con cobertura vegetal. Cinco especies muestran diferencias significativas
en cuanto a la distribución de su abundancia, una prueba a favor de su utilidad como bioindicadoras.
[EN] This work presents a study of the edaphic nematofauna of the orders Dorylaimida and Mononchida in three olive groves with different management (bare soil, conventional, ecological), located in Pegalajar, province of Jaén, in three geographic enclaves close to each other (Fuente del Peñón, El Cercado and El Puerto). A total of 658 individuals were identified from 30 samples of 72.64 cm3 of soil each. The nematodes were extracted by sucrose gradient, mounted in permanent preparations in anhydrous glycerin, and measured and identified by optical microscopy. The flora associated with the olive groves was also analyzed. The nematological abundance is appreciably higher in the organic olive grove, but the differences observed are not significant. The specific richness of nematodes is significantly higher in olive groves with vegetation cover. The distribution of diversity and abundance of both nematofauna and flora shows higher values in olive orchards with vegetation cover. Five species show significant differences in the distribution of their abundance, evidence of their use as bioindicators.
[EN] This work presents a study of the edaphic nematofauna of the orders Dorylaimida and Mononchida in three olive groves with different management (bare soil, conventional, ecological), located in Pegalajar, province of Jaén, in three geographic enclaves close to each other (Fuente del Peñón, El Cercado and El Puerto). A total of 658 individuals were identified from 30 samples of 72.64 cm3 of soil each. The nematodes were extracted by sucrose gradient, mounted in permanent preparations in anhydrous glycerin, and measured and identified by optical microscopy. The flora associated with the olive groves was also analyzed. The nematological abundance is appreciably higher in the organic olive grove, but the differences observed are not significant. The specific richness of nematodes is significantly higher in olive groves with vegetation cover. The distribution of diversity and abundance of both nematofauna and flora shows higher values in olive orchards with vegetation cover. Five species show significant differences in the distribution of their abundance, evidence of their use as bioindicators.