CRISPR-CAS: LA REVOLUCIÓN EN EDICIÓN GENÉTICA.
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2020-10-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
CRISPR/Cas9 es un sistema de inmunidad adquirida de las bacterias para protegerse del ataque de elementos reconocidos como extraños. Este sistema está formado por las secuencias CRISPR y una endonucleasa Cas dirigida por el ARN guía. La endonucleasa es capaz de cortar el material génico exógeno que será posteriormente degradado.
Hace unos años, este sistema CRISPR/Cas emergió como una prometedora técnica de edición del genoma que permite la eliminación funcional de genes entre otras cosas. Como consecuencia del poco tiempo que conlleva realizar esta técnica y a la habilidad que presenta para modificar el ADN, el sistema CRISPR/Cas está siendo de gran utilidad en investigación y biomedicina.
En esta revisión, se analiza la estructura y tipos de CRISPR/Cas 9 así como algunas aplicaciones en biomedicina, manifestando las ventajas, inconvenientes y las implicaciones éticas derivadas de su aplicación.
CRISPR / Cas9 is a system of acquired immunity from bacteria to protect the attack from elements recognized as foreign. This system consists of the CRISPR sequences and a Cas endonuclease directed by the guide RNA. Endonuclease is able to cut exogenous gene material that it will be degraded. A few years ago, this CRISPR / Cas system emerged as a promising genome editing technique that allows functional gene deletion, among other things. As a consequence of the short time it takes to perform this technique and the ability it presents to modify DNA, the CRISPR / Cas system is being very useful in research and biomedicine. In this review, the structure and types of CRISPR / Cas 9 are analyzed, as well as some applications in biomedicine, showing the advantages, disadvantages and ethical implications derived from its application.
CRISPR / Cas9 is a system of acquired immunity from bacteria to protect the attack from elements recognized as foreign. This system consists of the CRISPR sequences and a Cas endonuclease directed by the guide RNA. Endonuclease is able to cut exogenous gene material that it will be degraded. A few years ago, this CRISPR / Cas system emerged as a promising genome editing technique that allows functional gene deletion, among other things. As a consequence of the short time it takes to perform this technique and the ability it presents to modify DNA, the CRISPR / Cas system is being very useful in research and biomedicine. In this review, the structure and types of CRISPR / Cas 9 are analyzed, as well as some applications in biomedicine, showing the advantages, disadvantages and ethical implications derived from its application.