Resistencia a agentes antimicrobianos en cepas bacterianas aisladas de alimentos de origen vegetal
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2024-01-10
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
En los últimos años, está apareciendo un elevado número de bacterias resistentes
a muchos de los antibióticos y biocidas que hasta ahora eran eficaces para su
erradicación. La resistencia a estos antimicrobianos es un fenómeno natural de
adaptabilidad al medio, pero el uso abusivo e inadecuado de ellos ha provocado
que la medicina moderna se vea seriamente comprometida a la hora de no poder
tratar enfermedades infecciosas que anteriormente eran curables. Una preocupación
creciente ocurre en el sector agrícola, con el aumento de cepas bacterianas
resistentes o multirresistentes a los agentes antimicrobianos en la cadena
alimentaria. En el presente trabajo se ha aislado una colección de cepas de
diferentes muestras de vegetales frescos (pimiento rojo, espinaca y zanahoria), y se
ha determinado su grado de resistencia a diversos antibióticos y biocidas. Con
respecto a los ensayos de resistencia a antibióticos, en la mayoría de casos
estudiados aparece una incidencia elevada de resistencia a la cefotaxima, cefoxitina,
amoxicilina, kanamicina y el meropenem. En cuanto al ensayo de resistencia a
biocidas, destaca el porcentaje de cepas resistentes a la concentración de corte de
0,00025%, principalmente frente a la clorhexidina digluconato, el cloruro de
benzalconio, PHMG, triclosán, cetrimida, hexaclorofeno y hexadecilpiridinio.
Igualmente, se observa la presencia de numerosas multirresistencias y, además,
gran parte de las cepas aisladas presentan resistencia a ambos antimicrobianos de
forma simultánea.
In recent years, a large number of bacteria resistant to many of the antibiotics and biocides that until now were effective for their eradication is appearing. The resistance to these antimicrobials is a natural phenomenon of adaptability to the environment, but the abusive and inadequate use of them has caused that modern medicine is seriously compromised when it comes can’t treat infectious diseases that were previously curable. A growing concern occurs in the agricultural sector, with the increase of resistant or multiresistant bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents in the food chain. In the present work, a collection of strains of different samples of fresh vegetables (red pepper, spinach and carrot) has been isolated, and its degree of resistance to various antibiotics and biocides has been determined. With respect to antibiotic resistance test, in the majority of cases studied, there is a high incidence of resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, amoxicillin, kanamycin and meropenem. Regarding the biocide resistance test, the percentage of strains resistant to the cut concentration of 0.00025% is highlighted, mainly against chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, PHMG, triclosan, cetrimide, hexachlorophene and hexadecylpyridinium. Equally, the presence of numerous multiresistance is observed and, in addition, a large part of the isolated strains present resistance to both antimicrobials simultaneously.
In recent years, a large number of bacteria resistant to many of the antibiotics and biocides that until now were effective for their eradication is appearing. The resistance to these antimicrobials is a natural phenomenon of adaptability to the environment, but the abusive and inadequate use of them has caused that modern medicine is seriously compromised when it comes can’t treat infectious diseases that were previously curable. A growing concern occurs in the agricultural sector, with the increase of resistant or multiresistant bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents in the food chain. In the present work, a collection of strains of different samples of fresh vegetables (red pepper, spinach and carrot) has been isolated, and its degree of resistance to various antibiotics and biocides has been determined. With respect to antibiotic resistance test, in the majority of cases studied, there is a high incidence of resistance to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, amoxicillin, kanamycin and meropenem. Regarding the biocide resistance test, the percentage of strains resistant to the cut concentration of 0.00025% is highlighted, mainly against chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, PHMG, triclosan, cetrimide, hexachlorophene and hexadecylpyridinium. Equally, the presence of numerous multiresistance is observed and, in addition, a large part of the isolated strains present resistance to both antimicrobials simultaneously.