Nanopartículas metálicas: métodos de preparación, propiedades y aplicaciones biomédicas
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2024-09-06
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[ES] En el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado, se destaca la importante contribución que ha supuesto el uso de nanopartículas metálicas para diferentes áreas de la nanotecnología y la medicina. Además, se analizan los métodos de preparación de nanopartículas metálicas más usuales, que se basan en diferentes procesos físicos, químicos y biológicos. También se describen sus principales propiedades, que dependen de su tamaño, morfología y carga superficial. Se destaca la facilidad que presentan para ser funcionalizadas superficialmente, lo que conduce a un aumento de su biocompatibilidad. Finalmente, se describen las principales aplicaciones biomédicas de algunas nanopartículas metálicas como son las de oro, plata y nanopartículas magnéticas. Se destaca que su uso como biosensores, transportadores de fármacos, agentes antimicrobianos, etc., ha hecho que actualmente generen mucho interés en el campo biomédico debido a su elevada efectividad y pocos efectos secundarios, siendo particularmente útiles en el tratamiento de enfermedades como el cáncer.
[EN] In this Final Degree Project, the important contribution that the use of metallic nanoparticles has made to different areas of nanotechnology and medicine is highlighted. In addition, the most common preparation methods for metallic nanoparticles are analyzed, which are based on different physical, chemical and biological processes. Its main properties are also described, which depend on its size, morphology and surface charge. Furthermore, it is highlighted how thanks to the easy functionalization of its surface, its biocompatibility is improved. Finally, the main biomedical applications of some metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles are described. It is highlighted that their use as biosensors, drug carriers, antimicrobial agents, etc., has currently generated a lot of interest in the biomedical field due to their high effectiveness and few side effects, being particularly useful in the treatment of diseases such as cancer.
[EN] In this Final Degree Project, the important contribution that the use of metallic nanoparticles has made to different areas of nanotechnology and medicine is highlighted. In addition, the most common preparation methods for metallic nanoparticles are analyzed, which are based on different physical, chemical and biological processes. Its main properties are also described, which depend on its size, morphology and surface charge. Furthermore, it is highlighted how thanks to the easy functionalization of its surface, its biocompatibility is improved. Finally, the main biomedical applications of some metallic nanoparticles such as gold, silver and magnetic nanoparticles are described. It is highlighted that their use as biosensors, drug carriers, antimicrobial agents, etc., has currently generated a lot of interest in the biomedical field due to their high effectiveness and few side effects, being particularly useful in the treatment of diseases such as cancer.