LA ESCUELA CLÁSICA DEL DERECHO PENAL: EL PENSAMIENTO DE BECCARIA Y LARDIZÁBAL
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2019-05
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] En el presente TFG se tratan aspectos de la teoría penal, como la legitimidad para castigar, el concepto de delito, de pena y como debe ser, y otros caracteres del derecho penal desde el Antiguo Régimen hasta las propuestas de Beccaria y Lardizábal a finales del siglo XVIII (Escuela Clásica del Derecho Penal), que influirán de manera imperante en los Códigos Penales decimonónicos de Europa occidental e incluso en la legislación mundial posterior. A través del análisis de sus obras -“De los delitos y las penas” y “Discurso sobre las penas” respectivamente- vemos el cambio de mentalidad, las nuevas propuestas para la reforma del sistema penal así como las diferencias y semejanzas entre uno y otro.
[EN] In the current paper we are going to deal with some aspects of the penal theory, such as the legitimacy to punish, the notion of crime, of penalty and how should it be, and other criminal law characteristics since the Old Regime until the proposals of Beccaria and Lardizábal in the late eighteenth century (Classical School of Criminology members) which will influence the Penal Codes of the nineteenth century in Western Europe and even in the later worldwide legislation. Through the analysis of their works -“On Crimes and Punishments” and “Speech on the penalties” respectively- we can see the cultural change, the new proposals for the reform of the penal system as well as the differences and similarities between them.
[EN] In the current paper we are going to deal with some aspects of the penal theory, such as the legitimacy to punish, the notion of crime, of penalty and how should it be, and other criminal law characteristics since the Old Regime until the proposals of Beccaria and Lardizábal in the late eighteenth century (Classical School of Criminology members) which will influence the Penal Codes of the nineteenth century in Western Europe and even in the later worldwide legislation. Through the analysis of their works -“On Crimes and Punishments” and “Speech on the penalties” respectively- we can see the cultural change, the new proposals for the reform of the penal system as well as the differences and similarities between them.