Las plantas halófitas como alternativa ante el aumento de la salinidad en los suelos
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2023-10-10
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
En este trabajo, se pretende conocer alternativas para usar los suelos salinos. Para ello, hemos revisado la capacidad de las plantas halófitas para fitorremediación de suelos salinos, su potencial como cultivos de interés agrícola y los mecanismos de tolerancia que presentan. Además, hemos estudiado la respuesta de la halófita Atriplex prostata cuando a distintos niveles de NaCl. Los resultados mostraron que las halófitas compartimentan iones, aumentan los cloroplastos, sintetizan osmoprotectores, regulan el transporte a través de membrana y poseen mecanismos de tolerancia cruzada que les permite modificar y extraer los componentes tóxicos del suelo. Los géneros más efectivos para fitorremediación son Salicornia, Suaeda y Atriplex. El estudio con A. prostata demuestra que su crecimiento está condicionado por el nivel de NaCl, el órgano más sensible es la raíz, la prolina indica la tolerancia a la salinidad y la espermidina y cadaverina pueden contribuir a la protección de la planta.
In this work, it is intended to know alternatives to use saline soils. For this, we have reviewed the capacity of halophytic plants for phytoremediation of saline soils, their potential as crops of agricultural interest and the tolerance mechanisms they present. In addition, we have studied the response of the halophyte Atriplex prostata when at different levels of NaCl. The results showed that halophytes compartmentalize ions, increase chloroplasts, synthesize osmoprotectors, regulate transport through the membrane and have cross-tolerance mechanisms that allow them to modify and extract toxic components from the soil. The most effective genera for phytoremediation are Salicornia, Suaeda and Atriplex. The study with A. prostata shows that its growth is conditioned by the level of NaCl, the most sensitive organ is the root, proline indicates tolerance to salinity and spermidine and cadaverine can contribute to the protection of the plant.
In this work, it is intended to know alternatives to use saline soils. For this, we have reviewed the capacity of halophytic plants for phytoremediation of saline soils, their potential as crops of agricultural interest and the tolerance mechanisms they present. In addition, we have studied the response of the halophyte Atriplex prostata when at different levels of NaCl. The results showed that halophytes compartmentalize ions, increase chloroplasts, synthesize osmoprotectors, regulate transport through the membrane and have cross-tolerance mechanisms that allow them to modify and extract toxic components from the soil. The most effective genera for phytoremediation are Salicornia, Suaeda and Atriplex. The study with A. prostata shows that its growth is conditioned by the level of NaCl, the most sensitive organ is the root, proline indicates tolerance to salinity and spermidine and cadaverine can contribute to the protection of the plant.
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Estrés salino, Fitorremediación, Halófitas, Poliaminas, Potencial agrícola, Prolina, Salinidad, Atriplex prostata, Agricultural potential, Halophytes, Phytoremediation, Polyamines, Proline, Salinity soil, Salt stress