Neurogénesis en el cerebro adulto
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Fecha
2016-06-10
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
En
el
cerebro
adulto
del
mamífero,
incluido
el
humano,
persisten
unas
células
madre
que
permiten
mediante
una
serie
de
mecanismos
celulares
la
formación
de
nuevas
neuronas.
A
este
proceso
se
le
conoce
como
neurogénesis,
y
ocurre
principalmente
en
dos
áreas
del
cerebro
adulto,
la
zona
subventricular
(localizada
en
los
ventrículos
laterales)
y
la
zona
subgranular
(localizada
en
el
giro
dentado
del
hipocampo).
A
su
vez,
la
neurogénesis
en
el
adulto
está
regulada
por
factores
internos
y
externos
que
determinan
la
formación
final
de
las
nuevas
neuronas.
Conocer
de
qué
forma
se
produce
el
proceso
neurogénico
permite
entender
el
rol
que
juega
en
enfermedades
neurodegenerativas,
como
el
Alzheimer
y
el
Parkinson.
En
un
futuro
cercano,
se
espera
que
se
pueda
usar
la
neurogénesis
terapéuticamente
ante
enfermedades
neurológicas
reemplazando
las
neuronas
dañadas
o
perdidas,
pero
a
día
de
hoy,
aún
requiere
de
más
investigación.
In the mammalian adult brain, included human, persists a stem cells which allow for a series of cellular mechanisms the development of new neurons. This process is known as neurogenesis, and it is located mainly in two regions of the adult brain, the subventricular zone (located in the lateral ventricles) and the subgranular zone (located in the gyrus dentate of the hippocampus). At the same time, neurogenesis in the adult brain is regulated by internal and external factors which determinate to the final development to the new neurons. We must know how the neurogenic process happens to understand the role that plays in the neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In a closer future, we hope to use neurogenesis like a therapeutic strategy to treat neurologist diseases, in this way, we would replace damaged or lost. But nowadays, we need much more investigation to get this target.
In the mammalian adult brain, included human, persists a stem cells which allow for a series of cellular mechanisms the development of new neurons. This process is known as neurogenesis, and it is located mainly in two regions of the adult brain, the subventricular zone (located in the lateral ventricles) and the subgranular zone (located in the gyrus dentate of the hippocampus). At the same time, neurogenesis in the adult brain is regulated by internal and external factors which determinate to the final development to the new neurons. We must know how the neurogenic process happens to understand the role that plays in the neurodegenerative diseases, like Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases. In a closer future, we hope to use neurogenesis like a therapeutic strategy to treat neurologist diseases, in this way, we would replace damaged or lost. But nowadays, we need much more investigation to get this target.