Evaluación del papel de la cubierta vegetal en la capacidad de secuestro de C de cultivos de olivar. Aplicación del modelo RothC como herramienta predictiva
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2018-03-12
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] La cantidad de carbono presente en la atmosfera se está viendo aumentada de forma muy importante en los últimos años debido fundamentalmente a la actividad humana, tanto la industrial como la agrícola o los transportes. Este carbono, en forma de C02, aumenta el efecto invernadero y, por lo tanto, provoca un cambio climático a escala global. Para mitigar los efectos del cambio climático se han propuesto distintos mecanismos de secuestro de C, entre ellos la actividad agrícola. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido cuantificar el carbono orgánico que es capaz de retener el suelo del olivar de la provincia de Jaén, teniendo en cuenta a, las condiciones climáticas a meso- micro- escala, y, distintos tipos de manejo de las explotaciones, en concreto: cubierta vegetal permanente, adición de fertilizantes de síntesis química o eliminación de la cubierta vegetal. Además, se ha evaluado el papel del incremento de temperatura y la variabilidad asociados al cambio climático en las precipitaciones sobre la capacidad de secuestro de C. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la capacidad de secuestro de C aumenta si se permite la presencia de cubierta vegetal a largo plazo, aunque a corto plazo el C retenido en el suelo es mayor en presencia de fertilización química. Además, el incremento de temperatura asociado a distintos escenarios de cambio climático reduce la capacidad del suelo de cultivos de olivar de retener C orgánico a largo plazo.
[EN] The amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased during the last years due to the human being, mainly the industrial, farming or transports activities. The main species of inorganic carbon, C02, increases the greenhouse effect and prometes a climate change at the global scale. In order to reduce the effects of climate change, agricultura! activities have been proposed as a possible C02 sink. Thus, the objective of this work has been to quantify the ability of olive grove soils in the province of Jaén to retain organic C, taking into account local weather conditions and different sorts of land management: presence of plant cover, addition of chemical fertilizers or removal of the plant cover. We have also evaluated the role of increasing temperature and the variability of rainfall on the inorganic C retention capacity. Our results show that the presence of a plant cover increases the amount of organic carbon in the soil, although in the short term a higher amount of inorganic C is found in the soil when a chemical fertilization is applied. On the other hand, the increase of temperature associated to different climate change scenarios reduces the ability of the soil to withhold the organic C in the long term.
[EN] The amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased during the last years due to the human being, mainly the industrial, farming or transports activities. The main species of inorganic carbon, C02, increases the greenhouse effect and prometes a climate change at the global scale. In order to reduce the effects of climate change, agricultura! activities have been proposed as a possible C02 sink. Thus, the objective of this work has been to quantify the ability of olive grove soils in the province of Jaén to retain organic C, taking into account local weather conditions and different sorts of land management: presence of plant cover, addition of chemical fertilizers or removal of the plant cover. We have also evaluated the role of increasing temperature and the variability of rainfall on the inorganic C retention capacity. Our results show that the presence of a plant cover increases the amount of organic carbon in the soil, although in the short term a higher amount of inorganic C is found in the soil when a chemical fertilization is applied. On the other hand, the increase of temperature associated to different climate change scenarios reduces the ability of the soil to withhold the organic C in the long term.