Contrato de préstamo: préstamo hipotecario
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2016-06-28
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] En el siguiente trabajo he analizado un tema de gran importancia en los últimos años. Todo contrato consiste en un acuerdo al que llegan las partes contratantes, a su vez éste incorpora elementos que pueden negociarse entre las partes y otros elementos que están prefijados y que éstas no pueden modificar. En estos últimos se incluirían las famosas cláusulas abusivas que han venido incorporando algunos préstamos hipotecarios.
El contrato de préstamo consiste en que una parte entrega algo a la otra parte. Esta entrega puede ser de manera gratuita (comodato) u onerosa (mutuo). El mutuo también es llamado préstamo simple y es el que incluye tanto a los préstamos personales como al préstamo hipotecario. Cada uno de ellos tiene una finalidad distinta, los préstamos personales son para la adquisición de un vehículo, para pagar unas vacaciones, etc., y del posible impago de las cuota para devolver el préstamo el cliente responde con sus bienes, por otro lado, el fin del préstamo hipotecario es adquirir una vivienda, la cual ofrecen como garantía en el caso de impago junto con los bienes económicos de cada cliente.
En este último aparecen desde hace años una serie de cláusulas que han perjudicado a muchas personas e incluso han hecho que pierdan su vivienda y arrastren una deuda que de haber controlado mejor dichas cláusulas, no les hubiese llevado a esta situación.
Una cláusula importante en las hipotecas ha sido la que hace referencia a que en caso de impago el banco se apropia de la vivienda y en caso de que ésta no sea suficiente deberá abonar una cantidad por la diferencia, en este caso el banco no te da la opción a elegir la dación en pago para entregar la vivienda en caso de no poder pagar las cuotas y dejar así finalizada la deuda sin tener que pagar nada más. También en el supuesto de los avalistas que normalmente son personas mayores, también han salido muy perjudicadas por algunas cláusulas abusivas que les quitaban todos los derechos. Existe una gran variedad de cláusulas abusivas entre las que podemos citar las cláusulas suelo y techo, que hacen referencia al tipo de interés, también serían abusivos los intereses de demora que sean muy exagerados, y en definitiva serán abusivas aquellas cláusulas que no son negociadas por las partes y que perjudica al cliente como consecuencia de haber actuado en contra del principio de buena fe.
[EN] contracts consists of a agreement reached by the contracting parties, also it incorporates elements that may be negotiated between the parties and other elements that there are prefixed and they can not change. In these latter are included the famous abusive clauses that they had been incorporate in the mortgage loan. The loan consist in a part gives something to the other part. The delivery can be free (comodato) or onerous (mutual). Mutual also is called simple load and it includes both personal loans and mortgage loans. Each of them has a distinct purpose,personal loans are for the purchase of a vehicle, to pay for a vacation, etc. and the possible default of the fee to repay the loan the client responds with their property, on the other hands, the purpose of mortgage loan is to acquire a dwelling, which offer as a guarantee in case of default along with economic assets of each client. In this latter they appear for years now a series of clauses that have harmed many people and has even made losing their home would and drag a debt that if it had better controlled this clauses, they were not in this situation. An important clause in mortgages has been which refers to that in case of default the bank appropriates the housing and if this is not enough must pay an amount for the difference, in this case the bank does not give you the option to choose dation in payment to deliver housing in case you can not pay the fees and thus leave complete debt without paying anything. Also in the case of sureties, who usually are older people, they have also gone badly affected by some abusive clauses that deprived them of all rights.There are a variety of abusive clauses between which we can mention the clauses floor and ceiling. which refer to the interest rate, they would also be abusive interest for late payment that are greatly exaggerated, and definitely be abusive clauses that are not negotiated by the parties and that harms the client as a consequence of having acted against the principle of good faith.
[EN] contracts consists of a agreement reached by the contracting parties, also it incorporates elements that may be negotiated between the parties and other elements that there are prefixed and they can not change. In these latter are included the famous abusive clauses that they had been incorporate in the mortgage loan. The loan consist in a part gives something to the other part. The delivery can be free (comodato) or onerous (mutual). Mutual also is called simple load and it includes both personal loans and mortgage loans. Each of them has a distinct purpose,personal loans are for the purchase of a vehicle, to pay for a vacation, etc. and the possible default of the fee to repay the loan the client responds with their property, on the other hands, the purpose of mortgage loan is to acquire a dwelling, which offer as a guarantee in case of default along with economic assets of each client. In this latter they appear for years now a series of clauses that have harmed many people and has even made losing their home would and drag a debt that if it had better controlled this clauses, they were not in this situation. An important clause in mortgages has been which refers to that in case of default the bank appropriates the housing and if this is not enough must pay an amount for the difference, in this case the bank does not give you the option to choose dation in payment to deliver housing in case you can not pay the fees and thus leave complete debt without paying anything. Also in the case of sureties, who usually are older people, they have also gone badly affected by some abusive clauses that deprived them of all rights.There are a variety of abusive clauses between which we can mention the clauses floor and ceiling. which refer to the interest rate, they would also be abusive interest for late payment that are greatly exaggerated, and definitely be abusive clauses that are not negotiated by the parties and that harms the client as a consequence of having acted against the principle of good faith.