Factores asociados a la construcción de la homofobia: Una revisión sistemática
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2019-07-22
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La homofobia ha estado y está presente en la historia de la humanidad, relacionándose de forma directa con el sufrimiento del colectivo homosexual. Esta discriminación refleja una naturaleza estructural y es analizada desde el microsistema (familia, iguales y escuela), y macrosistema (política y religión). El presente trabajo constituye una revisión sistemática de los factores asociados a la homofobia, asumiendo una aproximación socio-ecológica y tomando como marco teórico el modelo de Bronfenbrenner. Para ello, se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática, en la que se han identificado treinta y cuatro estudios que abordan dichos factores desde una perspectiva empírica. Se analizan y discuten los resultados encontrados realizando un análisis crítico de los mismos. Los resultados permiten afirmar la necesidad imperante de intervenir desde la base de esta construcción homofóbica para erradicar el odio hacia personas LGBTI+ (lesbianas, gays, bisexuales, transexuales, intersexuales y personas que no cumplen las normas sexo-género).
Homophobia has been and is present throughout human history, directly related to the suffering of the homosexual community. This discrimination reflects a structural nature and is analyzed from the microsystem (family, peers, and school) and macrosystem (politics and religion). This work constitutes a systematic review of the factors associated with homophobia, adopting a socio-ecological approach and using Bronfenbrenner's model as a theoretical framework. To this end, a systematic literature search was conducted, identifying thirty-four studies that address these factors from an empirical perspective. The results are analyzed and discussed through a critical analysis. The results confirm the urgent need to address this homophobic construct at the root of its ongoing efforts to eradicate hatred toward LGBTI+ people (lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, intersex individuals, and people who do not conform to gender norms).
Homophobia has been and is present throughout human history, directly related to the suffering of the homosexual community. This discrimination reflects a structural nature and is analyzed from the microsystem (family, peers, and school) and macrosystem (politics and religion). This work constitutes a systematic review of the factors associated with homophobia, adopting a socio-ecological approach and using Bronfenbrenner's model as a theoretical framework. To this end, a systematic literature search was conducted, identifying thirty-four studies that address these factors from an empirical perspective. The results are analyzed and discussed through a critical analysis. The results confirm the urgent need to address this homophobic construct at the root of its ongoing efforts to eradicate hatred toward LGBTI+ people (lesbians, gays, bisexuals, transsexuals, intersex individuals, and people who do not conform to gender norms).