“La inclusión del alumnado con autismo en el aula de Educación Infantil”
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2022-12-19
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(ES) El presente trabajo hace una revisión bibliográfica o documental sobre diferentes aspectos del
Trastorno del Espectro Autista, asimismo, la evolución histórica del concepto, algunos criterios a tener
en cuenta para diagnosticar este trastorno y, también, se mencionan otras alteraciones asociadas al
autismo como, trastornos de ansiedad, trastornos de conducta o trastornos obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC).
Por otro lado, se encuentran apartados como, la influencia de la familia en la crianza del niño con
autismo y la Atención Temprana, que ofrece un conjunto de intervenciones para dar respuesta a las
necesidades que pueda presentar el niño y su familia. Además, teniendo en cuenta las diferentes
características del alumnado con este trastorno, se plantea una propuesta de actividades para el aula
de un centro ordinario de Educación Infantil, adaptando los recursos y materiales y apostando, siempre,
por una educación inclusiva. Se desarrollan diferentes metodologías de intervención combinadas como
el modelo TEACCH, que es uno de los programas educativos para niños con TEA con mayor influencia
dedicado a desarrollar su autonomía y trabajar a través del juego las distintas habilidades, y, por último,
la técnica de los Sistemas Aumentativos y Alternativos de Comunicación (SAAC) que proporciona al
alumno otra forma de expresión diferente del lenguaje hablado y puede aumentar o compensar sus
dificultades de comunicación.
(EN) The present work makes a bibliographic or documentary review on different aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder, as well as the historical evolution of the concept, some criteria to take into account to diagnose this disorder and, also, other alterations associated with autism are mentioned, such as anxiety disorders, conduct disorders or obsessivecompulsive disorders (OCD). On the other hand, there are sections such as the influence of the family in the upbringing of the child with autism and Early Care, which offers a set of interventions to respond to the needs that the child and his family may present. In addition, taking into account the different characteristics of students with this disorder, a proposal of activities for the classroom of an ordinary center of Early Childhood Education is proposed, adapting the resources and materials and betting, always, for an inclusive education. Different combined intervention methodologies are developed such as the TEACCH model, which is one of the educational programs for children with ASD with greater influence dedicated to developing their autonomy and working through play the different skills, and, finally, the technique of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems (AACS) that provides the student with another form of expression different from spoken language and can increase or compensate for their communication difficulties.
(EN) The present work makes a bibliographic or documentary review on different aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder, as well as the historical evolution of the concept, some criteria to take into account to diagnose this disorder and, also, other alterations associated with autism are mentioned, such as anxiety disorders, conduct disorders or obsessivecompulsive disorders (OCD). On the other hand, there are sections such as the influence of the family in the upbringing of the child with autism and Early Care, which offers a set of interventions to respond to the needs that the child and his family may present. In addition, taking into account the different characteristics of students with this disorder, a proposal of activities for the classroom of an ordinary center of Early Childhood Education is proposed, adapting the resources and materials and betting, always, for an inclusive education. Different combined intervention methodologies are developed such as the TEACCH model, which is one of the educational programs for children with ASD with greater influence dedicated to developing their autonomy and working through play the different skills, and, finally, the technique of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems (AACS) that provides the student with another form of expression different from spoken language and can increase or compensate for their communication difficulties.