Sentido de coherencia y consecuencias positivas del cuidado en personas cuidadoras informales de pacientes adultos dependientes
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2015-06-09
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]Introducción: El envejecimiento poblacional de los países desarrollados genera una importante carga de enfermedad y discapacidad como consecuencia del incremento de las personas dependientes, aumentando paralelamente el número de personas cuidadadoras informales. Antonovsky es el padre del modelo salutogénico articulado en base al SOC. Este modelo ha tenido un fuerte impulso en los últimos años incluyéndose las PCI como población objeto de estudio. El estudio pretende conocer la influencia del SOC sobre las consecuencias positivas del cuidado en cuidadores informales de pacientes dependientes. La revisión: Realizamos una revisión sistemática sin meta-análisis. La búsqueda bibliográfica se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Pubmed, Cuiden Plus, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Scopus, Wos y Salutogenesis.hv.se. Se utilizó el gestor bibliográfico Refworks y se eligieron 27 estudios
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originales mediante criterios definidos de inclusión y exclusión. Hemos llevado a cabo el test del signo para las ocasiones que ha sido apropiado hacerlo. Resultados: Se han agrupado en 4 categorías los estudios elegidos en base a las consecuencias positivas del cuidado: calidad de vida, satisfacción con la vida/cuidado y confianza con el cuidado, salud percibida y bienestar y otros. Discusión: Esta revisión pionera en la relación entre SOC y consecuencias positivas del cuidado permite sugerir que el SOC podría intervenir como una variable protectora de las consecuencias que la carga de estrés en el proceso de cuidar tiene sobre las personas cuidadoras informales. Conclusiones: La relación entre SOC y consecuencias positivas del cuidado, concuerdan con lo que esperábamos obtener al comienzo del estudio, parecen indicar una relación positiva y parece tener influencia en las PCI. Se proponen futuros estudios longitudinales para poder determinar causalidad.
Palabras clave: sentido de coherencia, cuidadores, calidad de vida, salud mental.
[EN]Introduction: An aging population in developed countries creates an increase in disease and disability due to the large amount of dependent people. Consequently, the number of informal caregivers (IC) is rising in parallel. Antonovsky is the father of the articulated salutogenic model based on sense of coherence (SOC). In the last few years, this concept has had a strong impetus, being included in the IC under study. This study aims to publish the influence of SOC on the positive consequences of care of informal caregivers for dependent patients. Review: A systematic revision is done without meta-analysis. The bibliographic research was made in the databases Pubmed, Cuiden Plus, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Scopus, Wos and Salutogenesis.hv.se. The reference manager Refworks was used and twenty seven original studies were chosen through defined criteria of inclusion and exclusion. In addition, the sign test has been carried out for the occasions in which it has been proper to do so. Results: The chosen studies have been grouped into four categories, based on 9 the positive consequences of the care: life quality, life satisfaction / care and confidence in care, perceived health and wellbeing, and others. Discussion: This revision, which is pioneering in the relation between SOC and positive consequences of care, suggests that SOC could take part in a protective variable of the consequences that stress load has, in the process of care, over informal caregivers. Conclusions: The relation between SOC and positive consequences of care agrees with the expectations at the beginning of the study. It seems to indicate a positive relation and it seem to have influence in IC. Future longitudinal studies are proposed in order to be able to determine causality. Keywords: Sense of coherence, caregivers, quality of life, mental health.
[EN]Introduction: An aging population in developed countries creates an increase in disease and disability due to the large amount of dependent people. Consequently, the number of informal caregivers (IC) is rising in parallel. Antonovsky is the father of the articulated salutogenic model based on sense of coherence (SOC). In the last few years, this concept has had a strong impetus, being included in the IC under study. This study aims to publish the influence of SOC on the positive consequences of care of informal caregivers for dependent patients. Review: A systematic revision is done without meta-analysis. The bibliographic research was made in the databases Pubmed, Cuiden Plus, Cochrane, CINAHL, PsycINFO, LILACS, Scopus, Wos and Salutogenesis.hv.se. The reference manager Refworks was used and twenty seven original studies were chosen through defined criteria of inclusion and exclusion. In addition, the sign test has been carried out for the occasions in which it has been proper to do so. Results: The chosen studies have been grouped into four categories, based on 9 the positive consequences of the care: life quality, life satisfaction / care and confidence in care, perceived health and wellbeing, and others. Discussion: This revision, which is pioneering in the relation between SOC and positive consequences of care, suggests that SOC could take part in a protective variable of the consequences that stress load has, in the process of care, over informal caregivers. Conclusions: The relation between SOC and positive consequences of care agrees with the expectations at the beginning of the study. It seems to indicate a positive relation and it seem to have influence in IC. Future longitudinal studies are proposed in order to be able to determine causality. Keywords: Sense of coherence, caregivers, quality of life, mental health.