Derechos fundamentales de los pueblos Indígenas de Iberoamérica
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2015-07
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
Este trabajo pretende ofrecer una visión general sobre los principales derechos constitucionalmente reconocidos a los pueblos indígenas iberoamericanos. Se repasará brevemente la historia, hasta situarnos en el estado actual de la cuestión. Ante lo inabarcable de la materia, se han escogido algunos de los derechos que he considerado más importantes.
Como derechos individuales veremos los siguientes: el derecho a la vida e integridad física, la igualdad y no discriminación; la salud y la educación. Dentro de los derechos de carácter colectivo: el territorio y sus recursos naturales, el derecho a la consulta previa, el respeto de sus tradiciones, lenguas y costumbres; el derecho a administrar justicia en sus territorios y el más genuino de los derechos colectivos: el derecho de autodeterminación.
Se analizarán después los instrumentos jurídicos internacionales más importantes, así como la incidencia del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en la tutela judicial de los mismos. Se ha elegido Argentina como escenario para exponer los mecanismos de protección de estos derechos; nos referiremos a la llamada “acción de tutela”. Para concluir, se tratarán dos casos paradigmáticos sobre la tutela judicial de estos derechos fundamentales.
This work expects to offer a general perspective about the main rights constitutionally recognised by native Latin-American people. This document will go succinctly over their history until the current situation of this issue. Due to the big extension of this matter, only the most important parts had been selected. Considering the individual rights, we will take care about: The right to life and physical integrity, the right to equality and no discrimination, and rights to public health and education. Focusing the collective rights we will examine: The territory rights and its resources, the right to prior consultation, the respect to their traditions, languages and habits, the right to administrate the law in their territories, and the most genuine of the collective rights; the self-determination’s right. Later we could analyze the main international legal instruments, as well as the influence of Latin-American human rights system. Argentina is the backdrop used to contend the protection’s mechanisms of these rights: we refer to what is called “amparo procedure”. To conclude this work, two cases about the judicial responsibility over these inviolable rights will be exposed too.
This work expects to offer a general perspective about the main rights constitutionally recognised by native Latin-American people. This document will go succinctly over their history until the current situation of this issue. Due to the big extension of this matter, only the most important parts had been selected. Considering the individual rights, we will take care about: The right to life and physical integrity, the right to equality and no discrimination, and rights to public health and education. Focusing the collective rights we will examine: The territory rights and its resources, the right to prior consultation, the respect to their traditions, languages and habits, the right to administrate the law in their territories, and the most genuine of the collective rights; the self-determination’s right. Later we could analyze the main international legal instruments, as well as the influence of Latin-American human rights system. Argentina is the backdrop used to contend the protection’s mechanisms of these rights: we refer to what is called “amparo procedure”. To conclude this work, two cases about the judicial responsibility over these inviolable rights will be exposed too.