Evaluación de los patrones de crecimiento en bosques de coníferas relictas de montaña en sus gradientes altitudinales de distribución. Efectos retrospectivos de procesos de cambio climático
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2019-10-14
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Los bosques mediterráneos de coníferas han sufrido en un pasado reciente numerosos
impactos, motivados de forma directa o indirecta por procesos de cambio climático y
alteraciones por el uso del territorio, pudiendo modificar la composición, estructura y
funcionamiento de los mismos. Entre los principales motores de cambio destaca el incremento
de temperatura, desencadenado por el aumento de la emisión y concentración de GEIs en la
atmósfera. A medida que el cambio climático avanza, se prevé un aumento de los impactos
observados, lo que implica la necesidad de aplicar medidas de protección. En este trabajo se
han evaluado los patrones de crecimiento de tres especies de coníferas relictas (Abies
pinsapo, en el Parque Natural de la Sierra de las Nieves, Sureste de España, y A. maroccana
y Cedrus atlantica en el Parque Nacional de Talassemtane, Norte de Marruecos), en sus
respectivos gradientes altitudinales de distribución y en el frente de avance. Para ello, se han
analizado los anillos de crecimiento de los árboles, mediante el empleo de herramientas
dendrocronológicas, y se ha estudiado la relación crecimiento-clima para entender el efecto
del aumento de temperatura sobre la tasa de producción de los bosques. Todas las especies
han mostrado la misma tendencia de crecimiento lineal en la producción cerca de sus límites
superiores de distribución y en los frentes de avance, paralelo al aumento de temperatura
regional durante el periodo 1990-2018. Sin embargo, A. pinsapo ha sufrido un decaimiento en
zonas bajas e intermedias, vaticinando la progresiva reducción de su distribución.
Palabras clave: Especies relictas, distribución altitudinal, relaciones crecimiento-clima,
dendroecología, cambio climático.
[EN]Mediterranean coniferous forests have suffered numerous impacts in the recent past, directly or indirectly motivated by climate change processes and alterations due to changes in land use, which can modify their composition, structure and functioning. The increasing temperature is among the main sources of change, triggered by the increase of the emission and concentration of GHG in the atmosphere. As climate change progresses, an increase in the observed impacts is expected, which suggests the need of applying protection measures. In this work we have evaluated the growth patterns of three species of relict conifers (Abies pinsapo, in the Natural Park of Sierra de las Nieves, Southeastern Spain, and A. maroccana and Cedrus atlantica in the National Park of Talassemtane, Northern Morocco) in their altitudinal ranges of distribution and in their front edge. To do this, tree-growth rings were analyzed by means of dendrochronological tools, and growth-climate relationships have been studied in order to understand the effect of temperature increase on forest production rates. All species have shown the same linear increasing trend in production near their uppermost 3 distribution limits and on their front edge, concomitant with the increase in regional temperature during the period 1990-2018. However, A. pinsapo has overcome a decline process in low and intermediate areas, which points to the progressive reduction of its distribution. Keywords: Relict species, distribution gradient, growth-climate relations, dendroecology, climate change.
[EN]Mediterranean coniferous forests have suffered numerous impacts in the recent past, directly or indirectly motivated by climate change processes and alterations due to changes in land use, which can modify their composition, structure and functioning. The increasing temperature is among the main sources of change, triggered by the increase of the emission and concentration of GHG in the atmosphere. As climate change progresses, an increase in the observed impacts is expected, which suggests the need of applying protection measures. In this work we have evaluated the growth patterns of three species of relict conifers (Abies pinsapo, in the Natural Park of Sierra de las Nieves, Southeastern Spain, and A. maroccana and Cedrus atlantica in the National Park of Talassemtane, Northern Morocco) in their altitudinal ranges of distribution and in their front edge. To do this, tree-growth rings were analyzed by means of dendrochronological tools, and growth-climate relationships have been studied in order to understand the effect of temperature increase on forest production rates. All species have shown the same linear increasing trend in production near their uppermost 3 distribution limits and on their front edge, concomitant with the increase in regional temperature during the period 1990-2018. However, A. pinsapo has overcome a decline process in low and intermediate areas, which points to the progressive reduction of its distribution. Keywords: Relict species, distribution gradient, growth-climate relations, dendroecology, climate change.