Cambios cognitivos y estrategias de intervención en personas mayores
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2014-06-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer, por un lado, los principales cambios cognitivos asociados a la edad en mayores sanos y, por el otro, el deterioro cognitivo que se produce en personas con envejecimiento patológico. Actualmente, los tratamientos farmacológicos para las enfermedades demenciales sólo consiguen mejoras transitorias en la pérdida cognitiva; por ello, las intervenciones no farmacológicas, como la estimulación cognitiva, están empezando a ser uno de los métodos más utilizados por su eficacia. Estos métodos aprovechan la capacidad plástica del cerebro y la reserva cognitiva, con el fin de mantener y optimizar la neuroplasticidad de estas personas, estimulando esencialmente las funciones y procesos cognitivos preservados. Se exponen los diferentes mecanismos que se utilizan en la intervención cognitiva y las diversas formas de llevarlo a cabo. Finalmente, se presentan dos ejemplos de programas; uno, destinado a personas con deterioro cognitivo leve/moderado y otro para personas con envejecimiento no patológico.
[EN] This work expects transferring, on the one hand, the main cognitive changes related to the age of old healthy people, and on the other hand, the cognitive impairment that is produced in persons with pathological ageing. Currently, pharmatological treatments for demented diseases just obtain transitory progress in the cognitive loss; for this, non-pharmatological interventions, such as the cognitive stimulation are starting to became one of the most used methods for their efficacy. These methods take advantage of the brain plastic capacity and the cognitive reserve, in order to maintain and optimize neuroplasticity of those people, stimulating the functions and preserved process cognitive. Different mechanisms used in the cognitive intervention and various ways to perform them are also explained. Finally, there are two examples, one, destined to people with mild or moderate cognitive impairment and the another one to people with non-pathological ageing.
[EN] This work expects transferring, on the one hand, the main cognitive changes related to the age of old healthy people, and on the other hand, the cognitive impairment that is produced in persons with pathological ageing. Currently, pharmatological treatments for demented diseases just obtain transitory progress in the cognitive loss; for this, non-pharmatological interventions, such as the cognitive stimulation are starting to became one of the most used methods for their efficacy. These methods take advantage of the brain plastic capacity and the cognitive reserve, in order to maintain and optimize neuroplasticity of those people, stimulating the functions and preserved process cognitive. Different mechanisms used in the cognitive intervention and various ways to perform them are also explained. Finally, there are two examples, one, destined to people with mild or moderate cognitive impairment and the another one to people with non-pathological ageing.
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Psicología aplicada en el Ciclo Vital y Contextos Educativos