Modelos animales para el estudio de la ansiedad
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2016-07-21
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
La ansiedad es una reacción emocional normal ante determinadas circunstancias de
peligro que constituye una función importante para la supervivencia. Por el contrario niveles
elevados de ansiedad pueden provocar el surgimiento de una patología. En este caso
hablaríamos de un trastorno de ansiedad, entre los que se incluyen según el DSM-IV los
trastornos de angustia con y sin agorafobia, la ansiedad generalizada, las fobias simples, o el
estrés postraumático, entre otros. La utilización de animales en el estudio de la ansiedad,
como modelo animal del comportamiento humano, ha sido de gran utilidad, permitiendo
avances significativos en el conocimiento de este trastorno. El empleo de animales para el
estudio de distintas conductas, tanto adaptativas como disruptivas, se justifica por las
semejanzas entre humanos y animales a nivel bioquímico, hormonal, de neurotransmisores,
e incluso de las reacciones corporales ante daños físicos, lo que ha llevado a extrapolar los
resultados obtenidos en los estudios con animales a los humanos. En cualquier caso, las
pruebas conductuales en animales cuyos resultados se pretenden extrapolar deben de partir
de modelos y conductas análogos en sus rasgos más importantes. En el estudio de la
ansiedad a partir de modelos animales podemos distinguir dos modelos, los modelos
condicionados y los modelos no condicionados. En el presente trabajo se revisan estos
modelos, así como las pruebas más relevantes utilizadas en el estudio de la ansiedad con
animales no humanos.
Anxiety is a normal emotional reaction to certain circumstances of danger which is an important function for survival. Conversely high levels of anxiety can lead to the emergence of pathology. In this case we speak of an anxiety disorder, including those included in DSM-IV panic disorders with or without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, simple phobias, or PTSD, among others. The use of animals in the study of anxiety, as an animal model of human behavior, has been very useful, allowing significant advances in the understanding of this disorder. The use of animals for the study of different behaviors, both adaptive and disruptive, is justified by the similarities between humans and animals, hormones, neurotransmitters, and even bodily reactions to physical damage biochemical level, which has led to extrapolate the results obtained in animal studies to humans. In any case, behavioral tests in animals are intended to extrapolate the results from models must similar behaviors and its most important features. In the study of anxiety from animal models we can distinguish two models, models conditioned and unconditioned models. In this paper these models are reviewed, as well as the most relevant tests used in the study of anxiety with nonhuman animals.
Anxiety is a normal emotional reaction to certain circumstances of danger which is an important function for survival. Conversely high levels of anxiety can lead to the emergence of pathology. In this case we speak of an anxiety disorder, including those included in DSM-IV panic disorders with or without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, simple phobias, or PTSD, among others. The use of animals in the study of anxiety, as an animal model of human behavior, has been very useful, allowing significant advances in the understanding of this disorder. The use of animals for the study of different behaviors, both adaptive and disruptive, is justified by the similarities between humans and animals, hormones, neurotransmitters, and even bodily reactions to physical damage biochemical level, which has led to extrapolate the results obtained in animal studies to humans. In any case, behavioral tests in animals are intended to extrapolate the results from models must similar behaviors and its most important features. In the study of anxiety from animal models we can distinguish two models, models conditioned and unconditioned models. In this paper these models are reviewed, as well as the most relevant tests used in the study of anxiety with nonhuman animals.
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