Los exosomas como nuevo paradigma en la comunicación intercelular
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2023-06-02
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Los exosomas son un tipo de vesículas extracelulares, de entre 50 a 200nm de diámetro,
caracterizados por transportar moléculas como proteínas, ARN no codificantes, lípidos, ADN,
etc. Estas vesículas extracelulares han atraído el interés de la comunidad científica porque
parecen estar jugando un papel muy importante en la comunicación intercelular. Los exosomas
son liberados por las distintas células en el organismo y pueden encontrarse en todos los
fluidos corporales; sangre, orina, saliva, semen, etc. Cuando los exosomas llegan a una célula
diana, éstos se fusionan con la membrana y liberan su contenido, produciendo una respuesta
en esa célula receptora.
En los últimos años se han publicado numerosos estudios que analizan el contenido de los
exosomas en distintos contextos patológicos como el cáncer, enfermedades
neurodegenerativas, patologías cardiacas, etc. En clínica, el estudio de los exosomas resulta
interesante porque la identificación de biomarcadores exosomales asociadas a una
enfermedad podría ayudar al diagnóstico, incluso la prognosis, de los pacientes aquejados de
esa patología concreta.
En este TFG bibliográfico ofrecemos al estudiante/la estudiante la oportunidad de revisar los
últimos trabajos publicados y relacionados con exosomas en condiciones normales y
fisiopatológicas, el papel de los exosomas y su contenido en el diagnóstico y pronóstico de
enfermedades, futuras aplicaciones en clínica, etc.
[EN] Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, between 50 to 200nm in diameter, characterized by transporting molecules such as proteins, non-coding RNA, lipids, DNA, etc. These extracellular vesicles have attracted the interest of the scientific community because they seem to be playing a very important role in intercellular communication. Exosomes are released by various cells in the body and can be found in all body fluids; blood, urine, saliva, semen, etc. When the exosomes reach a target cell, they fuse with the membrane and release their contents, producing a response in that recipient cell. In recent years, numerous studies have been published that analyze the content of exosomes in different pathological contexts such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac pathologies, etc. For clinicians, the study of exosomes is interesting because the identification of exosomal biomarkers associated with a disease could help in diagnosis and/or prognosis of patients suffering a specific pathology. In this Final Degree Project, we offer the student the opportunity to review the latest published works related to exosomes in normal and pathophysiological conditions, the role of exosomes and their content in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, future clinical applications, etc.
[EN] Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, between 50 to 200nm in diameter, characterized by transporting molecules such as proteins, non-coding RNA, lipids, DNA, etc. These extracellular vesicles have attracted the interest of the scientific community because they seem to be playing a very important role in intercellular communication. Exosomes are released by various cells in the body and can be found in all body fluids; blood, urine, saliva, semen, etc. When the exosomes reach a target cell, they fuse with the membrane and release their contents, producing a response in that recipient cell. In recent years, numerous studies have been published that analyze the content of exosomes in different pathological contexts such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac pathologies, etc. For clinicians, the study of exosomes is interesting because the identification of exosomal biomarkers associated with a disease could help in diagnosis and/or prognosis of patients suffering a specific pathology. In this Final Degree Project, we offer the student the opportunity to review the latest published works related to exosomes in normal and pathophysiological conditions, the role of exosomes and their content in the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, future clinical applications, etc.