Uso de la Memantina en el Tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: una Revisión Sistemática
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2022-04-18
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[ES] La memantina es un antagonista de los receptores NMDA que podría tener una función
neuroprotectora al regular el exceso excitotóxico de glutamato extrasináptico, suponiendo una
mejora de la sintomatología y la degeneración neurológica de la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA).
El objetivo de este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es realizar una revisión sistemática para determinar la
seguridad y efectividad de la memantina sobre los síntomas de la EA y la atrofia cerebral.
Utilizando el protocolo PRISMA se seleccionaron nueve estudios, de los cuales tres encontraron
mejoras neuropsiquiátricas y comportamentales, y cuatro de las funciones cognitivas y/o
lingüísticas. La muestra no presentó efectos secundarios relevantes asociados al fármaco. Estos
resultados sugieren que la memantina podría ser un tratamiento seguro y adecuado para los
síntomas cognitivos y comportamentales, incluida la agitación, de la EA moderada a grave. No
obstante, no se puede concluir la efectividad del tratamiento de la atrofia cerebral.
[EN] Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that could have a neuroprotective function by regulating the extrasynaptic neurotoxic glutamate excess, thus improving the symptoms and neurological degeneration present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this Final Degree Project is to carry out a systematic review to determine memantine’s safety and its effectiveness on the treatment of ADs symptoms and brain atrophy. Using the PRISMA protocol, nine studies have been analyzed, of which three showed improvements on behavioral and neuropsychiatric measures, and four showed an improvement of cognitive and/or linguistic functions. The sample did not show any relevant adverse effects. These results suggest that memantine could be a safe and adequate treatment of the cognitive and behavioral symptoms present in moderate-to-severe AD, including agitation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on brain atrophy cannot be concluded.
[EN] Memantine is an NMDA receptor antagonist that could have a neuroprotective function by regulating the extrasynaptic neurotoxic glutamate excess, thus improving the symptoms and neurological degeneration present in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The objective of this Final Degree Project is to carry out a systematic review to determine memantine’s safety and its effectiveness on the treatment of ADs symptoms and brain atrophy. Using the PRISMA protocol, nine studies have been analyzed, of which three showed improvements on behavioral and neuropsychiatric measures, and four showed an improvement of cognitive and/or linguistic functions. The sample did not show any relevant adverse effects. These results suggest that memantine could be a safe and adequate treatment of the cognitive and behavioral symptoms present in moderate-to-severe AD, including agitation. However, the effectiveness of the drug on brain atrophy cannot be concluded.