ANÁLISIS DE CASO DE UN SUJETO CON TRASTORNO DE ANSIEDAD SOCIAL
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2021-04-06
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[ES]La fobia social es uno de los trastornos de ansiedad más incapacitantes y mal
diagnosticados, con una prevalencia anual del 5.5% en nuestro país, siendo común su
inicio en la adolescencia, con una prevalencia algo mayor en mujeres que en hombres.
Este trabajo expone el caso clínico de un hombre de 21 años que recibió la intervención
basada en el protocolo IAFS (Intervención en Adolescentes con Fobia Social), en su
versión para jóvenes adultos (IJAFS; García-López et al., 2006). El Análisis Funcional
fue la herramienta para determinar el plan de tratamiento. El tratamiento se estructuró
en 12 sesiones con periodicidad semanal. El objetivo era reducir la sintomatología de la
ansiedad social en su nivel conductual, psicofisiológico y cognitivo, disminuyendo a su
vez las conductas de evitación y escape y la sintomatología asociada al trastorno
principal. Para ello, y en función de los resultados del análisis funcional, se
administraron técnicas de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, exposición (en
vivo e imaginada), focalización de la atención, entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y
exposiciones simuladas. La comparación de los resultados previos y posteriores al
tratamiento y la generalización de los objetivos muestran la eficacia terapéutica del
protocolo anteriormente citado, lo cual se constata tanto en la reducción significativa de
la sintomatología de ansiedad social, así como de los niveles de intolerancia a la
incertidumbre y finalmente, la remisión del trastorno de ansiedad generalizada.
[EN]Social phobia is one of the most disabling and misdiagnosed anxiety disorders, with an annual prevalence of 1.2% in the European Union, being common its development from 12 to 17 years and with a slightly higher prevalence in women than in men. We present the report of a clinical case of a 21-year-old man who underwent surgery based on the protocol IAFS (Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia), in its version for young adults (IJAFS, García-López et al., 2006 ). The Functional Analysis was the tool to determine the treatment plan. The treatment was structured in 12 sessions on a weekly basis. The objective was to reduce the symptomatology of social anxiety at the behavioral, psychophysiological and cognitive level, decreasing in turn the avoidance and escape behaviors and the symptoms associated with the main disorder. For this we use techniques such as cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, exposure (live and imagined), focalization of attention, training in social skills and simulated exhibitions. The comparison of the results before and after the treatment and the generalization of the objectives show the therapeutic efficacy of the aforementioned protocol, since it has managed to eliminate the symptomatology of social anxiety among other symptomatologies associated with the disorder such as intolerance to uncertainty or the generalized anxiety.
[EN]Social phobia is one of the most disabling and misdiagnosed anxiety disorders, with an annual prevalence of 1.2% in the European Union, being common its development from 12 to 17 years and with a slightly higher prevalence in women than in men. We present the report of a clinical case of a 21-year-old man who underwent surgery based on the protocol IAFS (Intervention in Adolescents with Social Phobia), in its version for young adults (IJAFS, García-López et al., 2006 ). The Functional Analysis was the tool to determine the treatment plan. The treatment was structured in 12 sessions on a weekly basis. The objective was to reduce the symptomatology of social anxiety at the behavioral, psychophysiological and cognitive level, decreasing in turn the avoidance and escape behaviors and the symptoms associated with the main disorder. For this we use techniques such as cognitive restructuring, psychoeducation, exposure (live and imagined), focalization of attention, training in social skills and simulated exhibitions. The comparison of the results before and after the treatment and the generalization of the objectives show the therapeutic efficacy of the aforementioned protocol, since it has managed to eliminate the symptomatology of social anxiety among other symptomatologies associated with the disorder such as intolerance to uncertainty or the generalized anxiety.