SUELOS Y VULNERABILIDAD CLIMÁTICA DE ABIES PINSAPO: EFECTOS PRE-MODULADOR Y POST-MORTALIDAD
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2019-10-11
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]El cambio climático está afectando la dinámica poblacional de diversas especies
forestales, especialmente a las de carácter relicto, como Abies pinsapo. En esta especie se han
observado fenómenos de decaimiento climático, y un gran aumento en la formación de huecos
de mortalidad, distribuidos heterogéneamente en doseles forestales previamente continuos.
Puesto que el estado del suelo puede modular la susceptibilidad climática de los árboles, esa
distribución heterogénea de huecos podría estar asociada con variabilidad espacial preexistente en el grado de desarrollo e integridad de los suelos. A su vez, la apertura de huecos
de mortalidad puede impactar sobre los procesos biogeoquímicos y de balance de nutrientes
que tienen lugar en el suelo. En este estudio se muestreó el suelo de 37 parcelas pareadas
consistentes en huecos de mortalidad y rodales adyacentes de Abies pinsapo sin mortalidad. El
análisis de indicadores geoquímicos de desarrollo/degradación del suelo (cristalinidad de óxidos
de Fe y Al) reveló que no existen diferencias entre los pares de parcelas hueco/dosel, por lo
que la distribución heterogénea de la mortalidad no parece estar correlacionada con variabilidad
edafogenética pre-existente. Por otro lado, la apertura de los huecos sí impacta las propiedades
físico-químicas y la actividad enzimática del suelo. Se observaron valores significativamente
menores para ambos tipos de variables en los suelos de los huecos de mortalidad que en los
suelos de doseles adyacentes. Así, la mortalidad de los árboles expone al suelo a la pérdida de
calidad, dificultando los procesos de regeneración y colonización de la vegetación.
Palabras clave: cambio climático, mortalidad forestal, suelo, edafogénesis, disponibilidad de
nutrientes, actividad enzimática.
[EN]Climate change is affecting population dynamics of forest species, particularly relic species such as Abies pinsapo. There are reports indicating climate-driven growth decline processes in A. pinsapo forests and a sharp increase in the formation of mortality gaps with irregular spatial distribution within forest stands with previously continuous canopies. Since soil status may modulate the climatic susceptibility of forest species, the heterogeneous distribution of mortality gaps may be related to pre-existent spatial variability in the degree of development/degradation of soils. In turn, forest gap formation may impact soil biogeochemical function and nutrient availability. In this study, soil samples were taken from 37 pairs of plots, each one including a mortality gap and the adjacent forest stand with no extensive tree-mortality. The analysis of the degree of cristallinity of Fe and Al oxides (an indicator of soil pedogenesis/degradation) showed no differences between the soils in mortality gaps and in adjacent forest stands, suggesting that the heterogeneous distribution of mortality gaps is not related to pre-existent spatial variability in soil development or degradation. On the other hand, the formation of mortality gaps did affect soil physic-chemical properties and enzyme activities. These two types of variables showed significantly lower values in the soils from mortality gaps than in those from forest stands. Thus, tree mortality exposes the soil to a loss of quality, hindering the processes of regeneration and colonization of vegetation. Key words: climate change, forest dieback, soil, pedogenesis, nutrient availability, enzymatic activity
[EN]Climate change is affecting population dynamics of forest species, particularly relic species such as Abies pinsapo. There are reports indicating climate-driven growth decline processes in A. pinsapo forests and a sharp increase in the formation of mortality gaps with irregular spatial distribution within forest stands with previously continuous canopies. Since soil status may modulate the climatic susceptibility of forest species, the heterogeneous distribution of mortality gaps may be related to pre-existent spatial variability in the degree of development/degradation of soils. In turn, forest gap formation may impact soil biogeochemical function and nutrient availability. In this study, soil samples were taken from 37 pairs of plots, each one including a mortality gap and the adjacent forest stand with no extensive tree-mortality. The analysis of the degree of cristallinity of Fe and Al oxides (an indicator of soil pedogenesis/degradation) showed no differences between the soils in mortality gaps and in adjacent forest stands, suggesting that the heterogeneous distribution of mortality gaps is not related to pre-existent spatial variability in soil development or degradation. On the other hand, the formation of mortality gaps did affect soil physic-chemical properties and enzyme activities. These two types of variables showed significantly lower values in the soils from mortality gaps than in those from forest stands. Thus, tree mortality exposes the soil to a loss of quality, hindering the processes of regeneration and colonization of vegetation. Key words: climate change, forest dieback, soil, pedogenesis, nutrient availability, enzymatic activity