Detección de Aflatoxina M1 en leche de vaca mediante cromatografía líquida en columna acoplada a espectrometría de masas
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2024-01-11
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
Las micotoxinas son compuestos químicos producidos por hongos que logran
desarrollarse sobre ciertos alimentos. Estos compuestos han sido estudiados y
categorizados como potenciales compuestos cancerígenos de alto riesgo para la salud
humana. Por ello, se han establecido normas de control en la aparición de micotoxinas en
los alimentos. La aflatoxina M1 es un metabolito secundario de los hongos Aspergillus y
Penicillum, y se encuentra principalmente en la leche procedente de vacas alimentadas
con piensos contaminados con la aflatoxina B1. En este estudio, se propone un método
analítico para la identificación y cuantificación de micotoxina M1 en leche empleando
cromatografía de líquidos de ultra elevada eficacia acoplada a un espectrómetro de masas
(UHPLC-MS/MS) usando fuente de ionización electrospray, para así poder evaluar que
los criterios establecidos en la legislación se están cumpliendo. El tratamiento de muestra
empleado fue extracción en fase solida utilizando cartuchos Agilent Bond Elut PLEXA®.
La identificación del compuesto estudiado se llevó a cabo a través del tiempo de retención
y de la presencia de dos transiciones MS/MS, ya que se empleó el modo de adquisición
de monitorización de transiciones MS/MS (multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode).
Se analizaron un total de 26 muestras de leche, encontrando en seis de ellas restos de
aflatoxina M1, aunque a niveles inferiores a los establecidos en la legislación europea.
Aflatoxin M1, a secondary metabolite of the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillum, is a mycotoxin found mainly in the breast milk of cows fed with food contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Several studies have reported on the threat these class of compounds may pose to human health. Hence, appropriate measures of control have been issued by European Union. In this study, a method for the identification and quantitation of a aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk have been developed and applied to commercial samples. The proposed method is based on the use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using a triple quadrupole instrument with electrospray ionization. Prior to analysis, samples were subjected to a sample treatment step using solid-phase extraction with polymeric Agilent Bond Elut PLEXA cartridges. The obtained extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The identification of the targeted compound was accomplished by retention time matching and the presence of two characteristic MS/MS transitions, since multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for data acquisition. Up to 26 bovine milk samples were tested, 6 of them with aflatoxin M1 detected, although at levels below the EU established threshold.
Aflatoxin M1, a secondary metabolite of the fungi Aspergillus and Penicillum, is a mycotoxin found mainly in the breast milk of cows fed with food contaminated with aflatoxin B1. Several studies have reported on the threat these class of compounds may pose to human health. Hence, appropriate measures of control have been issued by European Union. In this study, a method for the identification and quantitation of a aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk have been developed and applied to commercial samples. The proposed method is based on the use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) using a triple quadrupole instrument with electrospray ionization. Prior to analysis, samples were subjected to a sample treatment step using solid-phase extraction with polymeric Agilent Bond Elut PLEXA cartridges. The obtained extracts were then analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The identification of the targeted compound was accomplished by retention time matching and the presence of two characteristic MS/MS transitions, since multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for data acquisition. Up to 26 bovine milk samples were tested, 6 of them with aflatoxin M1 detected, although at levels below the EU established threshold.