Tectónica de placas y riesgos geológicos
Fecha
2018-02-23
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES] Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de los riesgos geológicos causados por los procesos asociados a los bordes de las placas litosféricas, que dan lugar a sismicidad y vulcanismo relacionados con el movimiento relativo de las mismas.
A lo largo del trabajo, se han buscado las localizaciones donde se concentra la mayor actividad sísmica y volcánica a escala global, junto con sus diferentes niveles de peligrosidad en cada uno de los mismos. Para ello, hemos elaborado un listado de las principales erupciones y terremotos que han ocurrido a nivel mundial a lo largo de la historia de la humanidad y, a partir de esto, se han analizado en profundidad algunos de los ejemplos más significativos, estudiándose los antecedentes de los mismos, su contexto geológico, el análisis de pérdidas económicas y humanas, y la aportación de conocimientos para mitigar y prevenir sus efectos.
Por último, se concluirá resaltando la importancia de estos estudios, que nos serán útiles para llegar a la conclusión de la distribución que tienen los terremotos y volcanes en la Tierra, cuáles son los factores principales que determinan los daños generados, su predicción, y las posibles formar de mitigar el daño que causen.
[EN] This work focuses on the study of the geological hazards caused by the movements associated with the boundaries of the lithospheric plates, which trigger earthquakes and volcanoes as they move. Throughout the work, we have searched for the locations where the most significant seismic and volcanic activity is concentrated, together with their different levels of risk in each one of them. To this end, we have drawn up a list of the major eruptions and earthquakes that have occurred throughout the history of mankind and, from this, we have analyzed in depth sorne of the most significant examples, studying the antecedents The geological context, the analysis of economic and human losses, and the contribution of knowledge to mitigate and prevent its effects. Finally, we will conclude by highlighting the importance of these studies, which will become useful for us to conclude the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth surface, what are the main factors that control them, their prediction, and the mitigation strategies to reduce the damage they can cause.
[EN] This work focuses on the study of the geological hazards caused by the movements associated with the boundaries of the lithospheric plates, which trigger earthquakes and volcanoes as they move. Throughout the work, we have searched for the locations where the most significant seismic and volcanic activity is concentrated, together with their different levels of risk in each one of them. To this end, we have drawn up a list of the major eruptions and earthquakes that have occurred throughout the history of mankind and, from this, we have analyzed in depth sorne of the most significant examples, studying the antecedents The geological context, the analysis of economic and human losses, and the contribution of knowledge to mitigate and prevent its effects. Finally, we will conclude by highlighting the importance of these studies, which will become useful for us to conclude the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes on Earth surface, what are the main factors that control them, their prediction, and the mitigation strategies to reduce the damage they can cause.