Utilizando Fortalezas: una intervención en mayores
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2016-07-25
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
Resumen
[ES]Culturalmente, la senectud es considerada una etapa en la que se
produce un proceso de declive emocional, social, biológico y psicológico que conlleva
una disminución del bienestar y un aumento de la probabilidad de sufrir trastornos
emocionales tales como la depresión. Aunque son escasas las investigaciones basadas
en fortalezas psicológicas en las personas mayores, éstas han demostrado ser un factor
que aumenta la satisfacción con la vida, la calidad de vida y los niveles de bienestar
funcionando como recurso ante los cambios que acontecen en esta etapa de la vida.
Objetivo. Comparar el efecto que produce en el bienestar de las personas mayores tres
intervenciones distintas, basadas en una fortaleza concreta, entrenando cada una de ellas
de manera independiente. Las fortalezas trabajadas son la Gratitud, el Optimismo y el
Saboreo. Método. Se utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental longitudinal. Participantes.
Sesenta y dos personas mayores de 60 años, no institucionalizados, pertenecientes a
centros públicos de día para mayores de la provincia de Jaén y de Córdoba.
Instrumentos. Mediante la administración de cuestionarios, se han tomado medias de
depresión, ansiedad, afectividad positiva, afectividad negativa, satisfacción con la vida,
felicidad subjetiva, resiliencia y deterioro cognitivo. Procedimiento. Una vez obtenidos
los permisos necesarios y el consentimiento informado por parte de los participantes, se
administraron los cuestionarios y se explicó los objetivos y el procedimiento de la
intervención. Cada intervención constó de 5 sesiones y tuvo una duración de 5 semanas.
Resultados. La intervención ha resultado eficaz ya que ha aumentado los niveles de
bienestar de las personas mayores.
[EN] Culturally, the senescence is considered a phase in which is produced a emotional, social, biological and psychological decline, that implies a decrease of the well-being and a rise of the probability to suffer psychological disorders such as depression. Although the investigations based on psychological strengths in aged people are scant, some of them have proved being a factor that increases the satisfaction they have with life, quality of life and the levels of well-being functioning as a resource against the changes that are going on in this stage. Target. To compare the effect that produces into the aged people’s wellness three different interventions, based on a concrete strength, training every single one independently. The strengths that we are going to work with are Gratitude, Optimism and Savour. Method. It was used a design longitudinal quasi-experimental. Participants. Sixty two aged people (more than 60 years old), non institutionalised, belonging to public centres of the provinces of Jaen and Cordoba. Instruments/tools. By administering surveys, we have taken average measures of depression, anxiety, positive affectivity, negative affectivity, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, resiliency and cognitive deterioration. Procedure. Once obtained the necessary permissions and the consent of the participants, the surveys were provided and both targets and procedures of the intervention were explained. Each intervention consisted of 5 sessions and lasted 5 weeks. Results. The intervention has been successful since the wellness levels of aged people have increased.
[EN] Culturally, the senescence is considered a phase in which is produced a emotional, social, biological and psychological decline, that implies a decrease of the well-being and a rise of the probability to suffer psychological disorders such as depression. Although the investigations based on psychological strengths in aged people are scant, some of them have proved being a factor that increases the satisfaction they have with life, quality of life and the levels of well-being functioning as a resource against the changes that are going on in this stage. Target. To compare the effect that produces into the aged people’s wellness three different interventions, based on a concrete strength, training every single one independently. The strengths that we are going to work with are Gratitude, Optimism and Savour. Method. It was used a design longitudinal quasi-experimental. Participants. Sixty two aged people (more than 60 years old), non institutionalised, belonging to public centres of the provinces of Jaen and Cordoba. Instruments/tools. By administering surveys, we have taken average measures of depression, anxiety, positive affectivity, negative affectivity, life satisfaction, subjective happiness, resiliency and cognitive deterioration. Procedure. Once obtained the necessary permissions and the consent of the participants, the surveys were provided and both targets and procedures of the intervention were explained. Each intervention consisted of 5 sessions and lasted 5 weeks. Results. The intervention has been successful since the wellness levels of aged people have increased.