La toma de decisiones en condiciones de riesgo: un estudio experimental
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2016-10
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento de los seres humanos a la hora de tomar decisiones que impliquen riesgo. Desde el punto de vista económico, existen principalmente dos teorías, la teoría de la utilidad esperada y la teoría prospectiva, que explican la toma de decisiones individuales en condiciones de riesgo. Según la teoría de la utilidad esperada, las personas tienen en cuenta la utilidad que esperan recibir de cada alternativa basándose en la riqueza final. Mientras que la teoría de la prospectiva sostiene que una persona cuando toma una decisión bajo riesgo tiene en cuenta los cambios en la riqueza que puede producir dicha elección. En el presente trabajo diseño y realizo un experimento para contrastar qué teoría explica mejor el comportamiento con riesgo y en qué condiciones. Los resultados de mi experimento coinciden con la mayoría de los estudios previos, y permiten confirmar la mayor capacidad explicativa de la teoría prospectiva en condiciones de riesgo.
[EN]In this work I study the behavior of the human beings in decisions under risk. From the economic point of view, there are mainly two theories, the theory of the expected utility and the prospect theory, that explain the individual decision making under risk. According to the expected utility theory, people making a decision involving risk, take into account the utility they expect to receive from each alternative taking the final wealth. However, the prospect theory holds that a person who makes a decision under risk takes into account the changes in her wealth level which could result from her election. In the present work, I design and carry out an experiment to contrast what theory explains better behavior under risk and under what conditions. The results of my experiment are consistent with the majority of the previous studies, and allow to confirm the greater explanatory power of the prospect theory in decisions under risk.
[EN]In this work I study the behavior of the human beings in decisions under risk. From the economic point of view, there are mainly two theories, the theory of the expected utility and the prospect theory, that explain the individual decision making under risk. According to the expected utility theory, people making a decision involving risk, take into account the utility they expect to receive from each alternative taking the final wealth. However, the prospect theory holds that a person who makes a decision under risk takes into account the changes in her wealth level which could result from her election. In the present work, I design and carry out an experiment to contrast what theory explains better behavior under risk and under what conditions. The results of my experiment are consistent with the majority of the previous studies, and allow to confirm the greater explanatory power of the prospect theory in decisions under risk.