DISEÑO TÉCNICO DE MEDIDAS DE CONTROL DE CÁRCAVAS APLICADO A UNA FINCA DE OLIVAR DE LA PROVINCIA DE JAÉN
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2021-02-09
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[ES]La erosión es una de las principales amenazas para la sostenibilidad del
olivar en Andalucía, ya que supone la degradación del suelo fértil y provoca daños tanto
en las propias explotaciones como fuera de ellas. Las cárcavas, que son
manifestaciones de esta problemática, son cada vez más frecuentes, por lo que resulta
preciso establecer métodos de control eficaces que permitan restaurar el suelo
degradado. Con el fin de recopilar el conocimiento y las técnicas existentes hasta el
momento y aplicarlos a un caso que sea representativo de casuísticas ampliamente
extendidas en la provincia de Jaén, el presente trabajo se centra en el control de tres
cárcavas que afectan a una zona de olivar situada entre los términos municipales de
Bailén, Jabalquinto y Espeluy. Partiendo de la determinación de los atributos
geomorfológicos de dichas cárcavas y sus cuencas vertientes y de las principales
características del territorio que ocupan, se han obtenido los caudales de diseño que
deberán evacuar mediante el método del Número de Curva y se han propuesto una serie
de medidas (diques de retención, disipadores de energía, revegetación e implantación de
cubierta vegetal sembrada en el olivar), para evitar que el fenómeno siga agravándose y,
con el tiempo, lograr la restauración de la zona. Asimismo, se ha estimado el coste de
dichas medidas y se han analizado las ventajas y desventajas de abordar el problema
mediante soluciones localizadas (a nivel de cárcava) o integrales (a nivel de cuenca).
[EN]Erosion is one of the main threats to the olive orchards sustainability in Andalusia, since it involves degradation of the fertile soil and causes several damages both on the farms themselves and outside them. Gullies, which are manifestations of this problem, are becoming more frequent, so it is necessary to establish effective control methods that allow the restoration of degraded soils. In order to compile the knowledge and existing technics up to now and apply them to a case that represents a widely extended problem in the province of Jaen, this work focuses on the control of three gullies that affect an olive grove area located between the municipalities of Bailén, Jabalquinto and Espeluy, Based on the determination of the geomorphological attributes of these gullies and their watersheds and the main characteristics of the land they occupy, the peak discharge has been obtained using the Curve Number method and a series of measures have been proposed (retention dams, energy dissipators, revegetation and cover crop implantation in the olive orchards), to prevent the growth of the gullies and , over time, achieve the restoration of the area. Likewise, the costs of these measures have been estimated and the advantages and disadvantages of addressing the problem through localized solutions (at the gully level) or comprehensive (at the basin level) have been analyzed.
[EN]Erosion is one of the main threats to the olive orchards sustainability in Andalusia, since it involves degradation of the fertile soil and causes several damages both on the farms themselves and outside them. Gullies, which are manifestations of this problem, are becoming more frequent, so it is necessary to establish effective control methods that allow the restoration of degraded soils. In order to compile the knowledge and existing technics up to now and apply them to a case that represents a widely extended problem in the province of Jaen, this work focuses on the control of three gullies that affect an olive grove area located between the municipalities of Bailén, Jabalquinto and Espeluy, Based on the determination of the geomorphological attributes of these gullies and their watersheds and the main characteristics of the land they occupy, the peak discharge has been obtained using the Curve Number method and a series of measures have been proposed (retention dams, energy dissipators, revegetation and cover crop implantation in the olive orchards), to prevent the growth of the gullies and , over time, achieve the restoration of the area. Likewise, the costs of these measures have been estimated and the advantages and disadvantages of addressing the problem through localized solutions (at the gully level) or comprehensive (at the basin level) have been analyzed.
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