EVALUACIÓN DE IMPACTO PAISAJÍSTICO. PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA Y APLICACIÓN AL CASO DE LA INSTALACIÓN DE AEROGENERADORES.
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2021-02-02
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[ES]La transición hacia fuentes de energía renovables disminuirá impactos ambientales derivados de la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero, aunque generará otros derivados del alto grado de ocupación de suelo y la prominencia paisajística de Instalaciones de energía eólica y fotovoltáica. Es urgente, pues, estandarizar métodos de evaluación cuantitativa de impactos paisajísticos de estas instalaciones, ya que tal tipo de impacto ha sido tratado de modo secundario y no homogéneo en la práctica habitual de la evaluación de impacto ambiental. En este trabajo se ha desarrollado un método al respecto de estimación de calidad visual y fragilidad visual, basado tanto en la literatura como en desarrollos propios, combinando técnicas de decisión multicriterio y herramientas SIG, que se ha calibrado y testado con un caso práctico (planta aerogeneradora). Los resultados indican que la propuesta metodológica es adecuada para estimar impactos paisajísticos con un grado suficiente de objetividad, para su expresión cuantitativa.
[EN]The transition towards renewable energy sources will reduce environmental impacts derived from the emission of greenhouse gases, although it will generate others impacts derived from the high degree of land occupation and the scenic prominence of wind and photovoltaic energy installations. It is therefore urgent to standardize methods for quantitative assessment of the landscape impacts of these facilities, since this type of impact has been treated in a secondary and non-homogeneous way in the usual practice of environmental impact assessment. In this work, a method has been developed regarding the estimation of visual quality and visual fragility, based both on the literature and on own developments, combining multi-criteria decision techniques and GIS tools, which has been calibrated and tested with a practical case (plant wind turbine). The results indicate that the methodological proposal is adequate to estimate landscape impacts with a sufficient degree of objectivity, for its quantitative expression.
[EN]The transition towards renewable energy sources will reduce environmental impacts derived from the emission of greenhouse gases, although it will generate others impacts derived from the high degree of land occupation and the scenic prominence of wind and photovoltaic energy installations. It is therefore urgent to standardize methods for quantitative assessment of the landscape impacts of these facilities, since this type of impact has been treated in a secondary and non-homogeneous way in the usual practice of environmental impact assessment. In this work, a method has been developed regarding the estimation of visual quality and visual fragility, based both on the literature and on own developments, combining multi-criteria decision techniques and GIS tools, which has been calibrated and tested with a practical case (plant wind turbine). The results indicate that the methodological proposal is adequate to estimate landscape impacts with a sufficient degree of objectivity, for its quantitative expression.