INFLUENCIA DE LA LITOLOGÍA Y EL CLIMA SOBRE EL ESTATUS NUTRICIONAL DE MASAS FORESTALES DE PINUS PINASTER
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2021-12-17
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] El cambio climático antropogénico está ocasionando impactos a escala global sobre los ecosistemas forestales; y en particular sobre los de la Cuenca Mediterránea, que albergan una elevada diversidad pero a su vez son particularmente vulnerables a incrementos en la intensidad y duración de la sequía. No obstante, los cambios experimentados por las variables climáticas, por sí solos, sólo explican parcialmente la variedad de efectos observados sobre dichos ecosistemas. Por ello, una línea de investigación en auge consiste en explorar factores adicionales que modulen la respuesta de los bosques al estrés hídrico. Uno de los menos estudiados, y sobre los que se centra este trabajo, es la litología. Ésta, a través de efectos “bottom-up” sobre la disponibilidad de agua y de nutrientes del suelo, podría influenciar la ecofisiología de los árboles y su resiliencia frente al cambio climático. En esta memoria se evalúa el efecto combinado de clima y la litología sobre los rasgos funcionales de las acículas (LMA y contenido elemental) de Pinus pinaster en masas forestales del sur de la Península Ibérica. Para ello se emplea un gradiente longitudinal climático (posición Oeste, húmeda; posición Este, árida) en el que se muestrearon localidades sobre tres litologías contrastadas: calizas, metapelitas y peridotitas. Los
resultados indican diferencias significativas para muchas de las variables estudiadas, que indican la importancia de la litología y de su papel como factor modulador de la ecofisiología de Pinus pinaster a lo largo del gradiente climático. Este estudio demuestra que, a medida que se incrementan las condiciones de aridez, la variación en el estatus nutricional y las relaciones estequiométricas C:N:P de los árboles son fuertemente dependientes del tipo de litología sobre el que se asienta la masa forestal. Todo ello sugiere que las diferencias litológicas deben incluirse de modo explícito en los estudios que evalúan los efectos del cambio climático sobre los ecosistemas forestales.
[EN] Anthropogenic climate change is causing impacts on a global scale on forest ecosystems; and in particular on those of the Mediterranean Basin, which harbors a high diversity, but at the same time are particularly vulnerable to increases in the intensity and duration of the drought. However, changes experienced by climatic variables, by themselves, just partially explain the variety of effects observed on these ecosystems. Therefore, a growing line of research consists of exploring additional factors that modulate the response of forests to water stress. One of the least studied, and on which this work focuses, is lithology. This, through bottom-up effects on the availability of water and soil nutrients, could influence the ecophysiology of trees and their resilience to climate change. This report evaluates the combined effect of climate and lithology on the functional traits of the needles (AML and elemental content) of Pinus pinaster in forest masses in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. For this, a climatic longitudinal gradient is used (west position, humid; east position, arid) in which localities were sampled on three contrasting lithologies: limestones, metapelites and peridotites. The results indicate significant differences for many of the variables studied, which indicate the importance of lithology and its role as a modulating factor of Pinus pinaster ecophysiology along the climatic gradient. This study shows that, as arid conditions increase, the variation in nutritional status and the stoichiometric C: N: P relationships of the trees are strongly dependent on the type of lithology on which the forest mass sits. All this suggests that lithological differences should be explicitly included in studies evaluating the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems.
[EN] Anthropogenic climate change is causing impacts on a global scale on forest ecosystems; and in particular on those of the Mediterranean Basin, which harbors a high diversity, but at the same time are particularly vulnerable to increases in the intensity and duration of the drought. However, changes experienced by climatic variables, by themselves, just partially explain the variety of effects observed on these ecosystems. Therefore, a growing line of research consists of exploring additional factors that modulate the response of forests to water stress. One of the least studied, and on which this work focuses, is lithology. This, through bottom-up effects on the availability of water and soil nutrients, could influence the ecophysiology of trees and their resilience to climate change. This report evaluates the combined effect of climate and lithology on the functional traits of the needles (AML and elemental content) of Pinus pinaster in forest masses in the south of the Iberian Peninsula. For this, a climatic longitudinal gradient is used (west position, humid; east position, arid) in which localities were sampled on three contrasting lithologies: limestones, metapelites and peridotites. The results indicate significant differences for many of the variables studied, which indicate the importance of lithology and its role as a modulating factor of Pinus pinaster ecophysiology along the climatic gradient. This study shows that, as arid conditions increase, the variation in nutritional status and the stoichiometric C: N: P relationships of the trees are strongly dependent on the type of lithology on which the forest mass sits. All this suggests that lithological differences should be explicitly included in studies evaluating the effects of climate change on forest ecosystems.