RESISTENCIA COMPORTAMENTAL EN INSECTOS: SU USO POTENCIAL COMO BIOINDICADOR EN AGRICULTURA ORGÁNICA
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2017-10-11
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES] La mayoría de las investigaciones realizadas sobre la resistencia de los insectos a los plaguicidas se han centrado en los mecanismos fisiológicos y bioquímicos. Sin embargo, las respuestas comportamentales provocadas por el pesticida, han recibido muy poca atención. Estas reacciones proporcionan una primera barrera de defensa, llamada resistencia comportamental. El objetivo de esta investigación es evaluar la reacción de estas especies de insectos en olivares sometidos a un manejo diferente: i- Un olivar convencional, en el que generalmente se aplican pesticidas; y - Un olivar orgánico, donde el control de plagas depende exclusivamente del papel de los enemigos naturales. Los resultados permiten determinar la existencia de dos reacciones diferentes de los depredadores en ambos tipos de olivares. En las parcelas de la gestión convencional, se observó un aumento significativo de los valores de captura y en las parcelas ecológicas, las mismas especies de insectos mostraron una falta de resistencia comportamental.
[EN] Most of the investigations carried out on the resistance of insects to pesticides have been focused on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms. However, the behavioral answers that pesticide induces have received very little attention. These reactions provide a first barrier of defense, named behavioural resistance. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the reaction of natural enemies insects species in olive groves subjected to a different agricultural management: i- A conventional olive grove, where pesticides are usually applied; and ii- An organic olive grove, where pest management depends exclusively on the role of the natural enemies. The results allow determining the existence of two different reactions of the predators in both types of olive groves. In the plots of the conventional management, a significant increase of the capture values was observed and in the ecological groves, the same insects species showed a lack of behavioural resistance.
[EN] Most of the investigations carried out on the resistance of insects to pesticides have been focused on the physiological and biochemical mechanisms. However, the behavioral answers that pesticide induces have received very little attention. These reactions provide a first barrier of defense, named behavioural resistance. The aim of this investigation is to evaluate the reaction of natural enemies insects species in olive groves subjected to a different agricultural management: i- A conventional olive grove, where pesticides are usually applied; and ii- An organic olive grove, where pest management depends exclusively on the role of the natural enemies. The results allow determining the existence of two different reactions of the predators in both types of olive groves. In the plots of the conventional management, a significant increase of the capture values was observed and in the ecological groves, the same insects species showed a lack of behavioural resistance.