Evaluacion del potencial herbicida de extractos de plantas y subproductos del cultivo del olivo en el control de flora arvense y ruderal
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2019-10-23
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Jaén: Universidad de Jaén
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[ES]Hoy en día existen grandes problemas asociados con la utilización de herbicidas convencionales que repercuten en la contaminación y erosión química de nuestros suelos y aguas, por lo que es conveniente buscar una alternativa a estos herbicidas convencionales que dañan al medio ambiente y encontrar una solución que nos permita seguir obteniendo beneficio económico a la vez que reducimos la contaminación de los agroecosistemas. Debido a esta problemática se realizó la propuesta de este trabajo que consistió en el estudio de la capacidad alelopática de los polifenoles, que provienen de extractos de plantas sobre la germinación de una selección de especies diana las cuales presentan unas características que dificultan las técnicas agrícolas. Las especies utilizadas para las extracciones fueron: Rostraria cristata, Anagallis arvensis, Filago pyramidata y Sonchus oleraceu las cuales son una selección de entre 15 especies de flora arvense. Estas soluciones polifenólicas se aplicaron a tres semillas/aquenios de especies diana que correspondían a las especies de Conyza bonariensis, Crepis vesicaria y Sinapis alba. Posteriormente a la aplicación se hizo un seguimiento de 21 días controlando la tasa de germinación de las semillas con y sin soluciones con polifenoles. Tras este periodo de monitorización y haciendo mención a los resultados, pudimos observar que se evitó o se retrasó la germinación de las especies diana pero hubo problemas a la hora de realizar las extracciones lo que produjo problemas de contaminación por esporas en algunas de las placas.
[EN]Nowadays, there are majar problems related to the deployment of conventional herbicides which have a great impact on the chemical pollution and erosion of our soils and waters. For that reason, it is necessary to look at alternative ways to these traditional herbicides that damage the environment. Also, it is important to find a solution that enables us to continue getting economic benefit while reducing the contamination of agroecosystems. This project proposal has been made in order to salve these issues by studying the allelopathic capacity of the polyphenols that come from plant extracts which are applied on the seeds in arder to observe the germination of a selected target species, which present particular features that hinder the agricultura! techniques. The following species were used for the extractions: Rostraria cristata, Anagallis arvensis, Filago pyramidata and Sonchus oleraceu. This is a selection of 15 species of field flora. These polyphenollic solutions were applied to three seeds of target species which corresponded to the Conyza bonariensis, Crepis vesicaria y Sinapis alba species. Subsequently, a 21 day tracking was made, controlling the seeds germination rates with and without solutions with polyphenols. After this monitoring period and mentioning the results, we observed that the target species germination was delayed, but there were problems in making the extractions, producing spore contamination in sorne petri dish.
[EN]Nowadays, there are majar problems related to the deployment of conventional herbicides which have a great impact on the chemical pollution and erosion of our soils and waters. For that reason, it is necessary to look at alternative ways to these traditional herbicides that damage the environment. Also, it is important to find a solution that enables us to continue getting economic benefit while reducing the contamination of agroecosystems. This project proposal has been made in order to salve these issues by studying the allelopathic capacity of the polyphenols that come from plant extracts which are applied on the seeds in arder to observe the germination of a selected target species, which present particular features that hinder the agricultura! techniques. The following species were used for the extractions: Rostraria cristata, Anagallis arvensis, Filago pyramidata and Sonchus oleraceu. This is a selection of 15 species of field flora. These polyphenollic solutions were applied to three seeds of target species which corresponded to the Conyza bonariensis, Crepis vesicaria y Sinapis alba species. Subsequently, a 21 day tracking was made, controlling the seeds germination rates with and without solutions with polyphenols. After this monitoring period and mentioning the results, we observed that the target species germination was delayed, but there were problems in making the extractions, producing spore contamination in sorne petri dish.